Electrode including metal nanoparticles having conductive polymer shell and conductive film and method for manufacturing the same
Disclosed are an electrode including a polymer matrix and a catalyst including metal nanoparticles and a conductive polymer shell and, a method of preparing the same. According to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, various hybrid nano-composites may be formed by a combination of other conductive polymers than P3HT with metal nanoparticles. For example, the method may include selectively disposing metal nanoparticles to a surface modified conductive polymer including a block copolymer of two or more types of conductive polymers.
1. A method of preparing an electrode for fuel cells comprising:
preparing a conductive polymer using a precursor comprising an azide group and a thiol group and a first polymer represented by the following Formula 1:
wherein the conductive polymer is represented by the following Formula 2:
wherein R 1 in Formula 1 or Formula 2 is a polymer comprising aromatic monomers,
preparing nanoparticles having a core-shell structure comprising a core of metal nanoparticles and a shell comprising the conductive polymer;
preparing a catalyst by purifying the nanoparticles; and
admixing the catalyst and a block copolymer to prepare a polymer matrix in which the catalyst is dispersed.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the precursor comprises 3-azido-1-propanethiol.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer of Formula 1 is prepared by Grignard metathesis (GRIM) polymerization.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix comprises:
a first region comprising an A block; and
a second region comprising a B block,
wherein the polymer matrix has a lamellar structure in which the first region and the second region are alternately disposed and
the catalyst is disposed at an interface between the first region and the second region.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein:
the first region comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, nylon, polyethylene, polyisoprene, SBS rubber, polydicyclopentadiene, polytetrafluoroethylene, poly(phenylene sulfide), silicone, aramid, cellulose, rayon, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinylidene chloride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), carbon fibers, polyisobutylene, polychloroprene, polybutadiene, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl acetate), polyvinylpyrrolidone, polycyanoacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, poly(aryleneethynylene), poly(phenyleneethynylene), polyaniline, polyphenylene, ethylene vinyl alcohol, fluoroplastic, ionomers, polyacrylate, polybutylene, chlorinated polyethylene, polymethylpentene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyamide-imide, polyaryletherketone, polycarbonate, polyketone, polyester, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphthalamide, polysulfone, polyethylene terephthalate, an epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyvinylpyridine and polylactide; and
the second region comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of polytriphenylamine, polyacetylene (PA), polythiophene (PT), poly(3-alkyl)thiophene (P3AT), polypyrrole (PPY), polyisothianapthelene (PITN), polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT), polyparaphenylenevinylene (PPV), poly(2,5-dialkoxy)paraphenylenevinylene, polyparaphenylene (PPP), polyparaphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyheptadiene (PHT), poly(3-hexyl)thiophene (P3HT), polycarbazole and polyaniline (PANT).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of polytriphenylamine, polyacetylene (PA), polythiophene (PT), poly(3-alkyl)thiophene (P3AT), polypyrrole (PPY), polyisothianapthelene (PITN), polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT), polyparaphenylenevinylene (PPV), poly(2,5-dialkoxy)paraphenylenevinylene, polyparaphenylene (PPP), polyparaphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyheptadiene (PHT), poly(3-hexyl)thiophene (P3HT), polycarbazole and polyaniline (PANT).
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanoparticles comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of platinum (Pt), gold (Au), tin (Sn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iridium (Ir), tantalum (Ta), molybdenum (Mo), rhodium (Rh), osmium (Os), rhenium (Re), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), cadmium (Cd), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), indium (In) and silver (Ag).
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a solvent component comprising tetrahydrofuran (THF) and hexane to remove a conductive polymer by-product.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein a ratio of THF to hexane of the solvent component is of about 1:1.2 to 1:2.0.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is dispersed in the polymer matrix by microwave annealing both the block copolymer and the catalyst at a temperature of about 150 to 200° C. for about 5 minutes to 30 minutes.