PHOSPHOGYPSUM CONTAINING FERTILIZER GRANULES
Disclosed is a fertilizer granule containing a homogeneous mixture containing i) phosphogypsum in an amount providing 6.5 wt. % to 22 wt. % of calcium (Ca) and 5 wt. % to 17.6 wt. % of sulfur (S) present in the form of sulfate, ii) 3.8 wt. % to 8 wt. % of magnesium (Mg), iii) 0.5 wt. % to 4 wt. % of zinc (Zn), iv) additional sulfate in an amount providing 5 to 12.5 wt. % of sulfur (S), and v) optionally 0.5 wt. % to 5 wt. % of a humic substance, based on the total weight of the fertilizer granule. Methods of making and using the fertilizer granule are also disclosed.
1 . A fertilizer granule comprising a homogeneous mixture comprising:
phosphogypsum in an amount providing 6.5 wt. % to 22 wt. % of calcium (Ca) and 5 wt. % to 17.6 wt. % sulfur (S) present in the form of sulfate;
3.8 wt. % to 8 wt. % of magnesium (Mg);
0.5 wt. % to 4 wt. % of zinc (Zn);
additional sulfate in an amount providing an additional 5 to 12.5 wt. % of sulfur (S); and
optionally 0.5 wt. % to 5 wt. % of a humic substance,
wherein the wt. % are based on the total weight of the fertilizer granule.
2 . The fertilizer granule of claim 1 , further comprising 0.1 wt. % to 1 wt. % of boron (B).
3 . The fertilizer granule of claim 1 , further comprising 2 wt. % to 10 wt. % of a binder.
4 . The fertilizer granule of claim 3 , wherein the binder is calcium lignosulfate and/or bentonite.
5 . The fertilizer granule of claim 1 , wherein the humic substance comprises humic acid and/or a humate salt.
6 . The fertilizer granule of claim 1 , wherein the Mg is sourced as a water soluble magnesium sulfate and/or the Zn is sourced as a water soluble zinc sulfate.
7 . The fertilizer granule of claim 2 , wherein the B is sourced as a water soluble tetraborate and/or tetraborate salt.
8 . The fertilizer granule of claim 1 , comprising a moles of Ca, b moles of Mg, c of moles Zn, and d moles of S, wherein d is≥0.9×(a+b+c) and a, b, c, and d are real numbers.
9 . The fertilizer granule of claim 2 , comprising 15 wt. % to 20 wt. % of calcium (Ca); 3.8 wt. % to 5 wt. % of magnesium (Mg); 0.5 wt. % to 2.5 wt. % of zinc (Zn); 13 wt. % to 20 wt. % of sulfur (S); 0.5 to 3 wt. % of a humic substance; and 0.1 wt. % to 0.4 wt. % of B.
10 . The fertilizer granule of claim 1 , comprising 14 wt. % to 19 wt. % of calcium (Ca); 4 wt. % to 6 wt. % of magnesium (Mg); 1 wt. % to 3 wt. % of zinc (Zn); 13 wt. % to 20 wt. % of sulfur (S); and 1.5 to 4 wt. % of a humic substance.
11 . The fertilizer granule of claim 2 , comprising 13 wt. % to 19 wt. % of calcium (Ca); 4 wt. % to 6 wt. % of magnesium (Mg); 0.5 wt. % to 2.5 wt. % of zinc (Zn); 13 wt. % to 20 wt. % of sulfur (S); 0.1 wt. % to 0.4 wt. % of B; 0.5 wt. % to 3 wt. % of a humic substance; and either 3 wt. % to 7 wt. % of bentonite, or 3 wt. % to 7 wt. % of calcium lignosulfate, or both 3 wt. % to 7 wt. % of bentonite and 3 wt. % to 7 wt. % of calcium lignosulfate.
12 . The fertilizer granule of claim 1 , wherein 10 mg to 30 mg of the fertilizer granules dissolves in 1 ml of water at a pH 7, under stirring at a rate 90 rpm to 110 rpm, and at an ambient temperature, within 5 minutes of adding 100 mg of the fertilizer granules to the water.
13 . The fertilizer granule of claim 1 , having a moisture content of less than 1 wt. % measured at 50° C.
14 . The fertilizer granule of claim 1 , having a crush strength above 1.8 kgf.
15 . The fertilizer granule of claim 1 , capable of losing less than 0.13 wt. % in an attrition loss test.
16 . The fertilizer granule of claim 1 , wherein the granules have a bulk density of 1 g/cc to 1.2 g/cc.
17 . The fertilizer granule of claim 1 , comprised in a fertilizer blend comprising the fertilizer granule and an additional fertilizer comprising urea, diammonium phosphate (DAP), single super phosphate (SSP), triple super phosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (MOP), ammonium sulfate, or any combinations thereof.
18 . A method for making the fertilizer granule of claim 1 , the method comprising:
contacting a feed mixture with water and granulating the feed mixture to form a wet granulated mixture, wherein the feed mixture comprises Ca, Mg, Zn, sulfate, and optionally B, optionally humic acid, and optionally a binder; and
drying the wet granulated mixture to form a dry granulated mixture comprising the fertilizer granule.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the feed mixture is granulated by compaction.
20 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
passing the wet granulated mixture, prior to drying, through one or more size screens to separate granules having a size smaller and/or bigger than a desired size; and
recycling at least a portion of the separated granules to the granulation step.