Compositions and methods to increase production of isothiocyanates
Compositions and methods for converting at least one glucosinolate to an isothiocyanate using Bacillus subtilis 839, Bacillus subtilis CO4_4, Pediococcus pentosaceus M3_H01, and/or Pediococcus pentosaceus M2_H12, or active variants thereof, are provided. Conversion of glucosinolates, such as glucoraphanin, to isothiocyanates, such as sulforaphane, leads to the stimulation of the Nrf2/Keap pathway and phase II enzymes, providing chemoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Accordingly, provided herein are compositions comprising Bacillus subtilis 839, Bacillus subtilis CO4_4, Pediococcus pentosaceus M3_H01, and/or Pediococcus pentosaceus M2_H12, or active variants thereof, for administration to subjects for increasing isothiocyanate (e.g., sulforaphane) production, increasing the expression of genes regulated by the Nrf2 transcription factor, including phase II enzymes, decreasing inflammation, and treating or preventing an inflammatory disorder or a cancer. The composition can comprise at least one glucosinolate or a plant, plant part or an extract thereof comprising glucosinolate(s).
1. A method for increasing isothiocyanate production, said method comprising contacting at least one glucosinolate with an effective amount of a bacterial strain composition comprising:
(a) a bacterial cell of at least one of Bacillus subtilis 839, Bacillus subtilis CO4_4, Pediococcus pentosaceus M3_H01, or Pediococcus pentosaceus M2_H12, or an active variant of any thereof; and/or
(b) at least one of a spore, or a forespore, or a combination of cells, forespores, and/or spores from any of Bacillus subtilis 839, Bacillus subtilis CO4_4 , Pediococcus pentosaceus M3_H01, or Pediococcus pentosaceus M2_H12, or an active variant of any thereof,
wherein said effective amount of said bacterial composition comprises about 10 8 CFU/gram to about 10 10 CFU/gram or about 10 8 CFU/ml to about 10 10 CFU/ml of said Bacillus subtilis 839, Bacillus subtilis CO4_4 , Pediococcus pentosaceus M3_H01, or Pediococcus pentosaceus M2 _H12 cell, spore, or a forespore, or a combination of cells, forespores, and/or spores or the active variant of any thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one glucosinolate comprises glucoraphanin and said isothiocyanate comprises sulforaphane.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bacterial strain composition comprises a capsule, gel, paste, tablet, powder, or liquid.
4. A method for increasing isothiocyanate production in a subject, said method comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of a bacterial strain composition comprising:
(a) a bacterial cell of at least one of Bacillus subtilis 839, Bacillus subtilis CO4_4 , Pediococcus pentosaceus M3_H01, or Pediococcus pentosaceus M2_H12, or an active variant of any thereof; and/or
(b) at least one of a spore, or a forespore, or a combination of cells, forespores, and/or spores from any of Bacillus subtilis 839, Bacillus subtilis CO4_4 , Pediococcus pentosaceus M3_H01, or Pediococcus pentosaceus M2 _H12, or an active variant of any thereof.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said subject is administered at least one glucosinolate.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said bacterial strain composition further comprises said at least one glucosinolate.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein said at least one glucosinolate comprises glucoraphanin and said isothiocyanate comprises sulforaphane.
8. The method of claim 5 , wherein said subject is administered at least one plant, plant part, or extract thereof comprising said at least one glucosinolate.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said extract comprises an extract from at least one cruciferous plant or plant part or wherein said at least one plant or plant part comprises at least one cruciferous plant or plant part.
10. The method of claim 4 , wherein said effective amount of said bacterial composition comprises about 10 6 CFU/gram to about 10 10 CFU/gram or about 10 6 CFU/ml to about 10 10 CFU/ml of said Bacillus subtilis 839, Bacillus subtilis CO4_4 , Pediococcus pentosaceus M3_H01, or Pediococcus pentosaceus M2 _H12 cell, spore, or a forespore, or a combination of cells, forespores, and/or spores or the active variant of any thereof.
11. A method for increasing expression of a gene regulated by Nrf2, said method comprising contacting a cell with an effective amount of a bacterial strain composition comprising at least one glucosinolate and:
(a) a bacterial cell of at least one of Bacillus subtilis 839, Bacillus subtilis CO4_4 , Pediococcus pentosaceus M3_H01, or Pediococcus pentosaceus M2_H12, or an active variant of any thereof; and/or
(b) at least one of a spore, or a forespore, or a combination of cells, forespores, and/or spores from any of Bacillus subtilis 839, Bacillus subtilis CO4_4 , Pediococcus pentosaceus M3_H01, or Pediococcus pentosaceus M2 _H12, or an active variant of any thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting at least one glucosinolate with the effective amount of the bacterial strain composition comprises contacting at least one plant, plant part or extract thereof comprising said at least one glucosinolate with said effective amount of said bacterial strain composition.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein said plant extract comprises an extract from at least one cruciferous plant or said at least one plant or plant part comprises a cruciferous plant or plant part.
14. The method of claim 1 , comprising administering to a subject said effective amount of said bacterial strain composition, thereby contacting the at least one glucosinolate with said effective amount of said bacterial strain composition and increasing isothiocyanate production in the subject.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said subject is administered at least one glucosinolate.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said subject is administered at least one plant, plant part, or extract thereof comprising said at least one glucosinolate.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said extract comprises an extract from at least one cruciferous plant or plant part or wherein said at least one plant or plant part comprises at least one cruciferous plant or plant part.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bacterial strain composition further comprises at least one additional bacterial strain.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the additional bacterial strain is selected from the group consisting of a Bacillus spp, Enterococcus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Saccharomyces spp., Streptococcus spp., Propionibacterium spp., Megasphaera spp., Prevotella spp., and Pediococcus spp.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bacterial strain composition further comprises at least one prebiotic.