Protein compositions for plant-based food products and methods for making
Disclosed is a method for making protein emulsions for use in making products such as meat substitutes, meat extenders, egg substitutes, dairy analogues, etc., as well as methods for using the emulsion(s) to make various meat substitutes, egg substitutes, dairy analogues, etc. Also disclosed are vegetable protein crumbles for use as meat substitutes, either alone or in combination with the emulsion(s).
1. A method for forming a crumbled meat substitute, the method comprising
(a) crumbling a protein dough comprising pea protein powder, water, and transglutaminase to produce a protein dough crumble; and
(b) incubating the protein dough crumbles to firm and texturize the protein dough crumbles to produce the crumbled meat substitute.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the crumbled meat substitute is cooked to set the shape and texture of the crumbled meat substitute.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of
(i) admixing the water and the pea protein powder to provide the protein dough, wherein the protein dough comprises from about 55 to about 80 percent water; and
ii) adding the transglutaminase to the protein dough at an enzyme concentration of from about 0.01 percent to about 0.25 percent of the protein dough;
wherein steps (i) and (ii) are performed prior to steps (a) and (b).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein crumbling the protein dough in step (a) further comprises crumbling the protein dough to provide protein dough pieces of diameter of from about 1 to about 30 millimeters.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein incubating the protein dough crumbles in step (b) further comprises incubating the protein dough pieces from about 15 minutes to about 8 hours at a temperature of from about 0° C. to about 70° C. to produce the crumbled meat substitute having a firmness, elasticity, and texture similar to that of ground meat.
6. A composition produced according to the method of claim 1 , the composition consisting essentially of the protein powder, the water, the transglutaminase, and optionally, fat and/or oil.