Textured Plant Protein Product and Method
Disclosed is a method for producing textured plant protein products using an admixture of at least one plant protein and transglutaminase. The method provides a means for forming textured pea protein products, for example, that can be used in a variety of applications, particularly in food products comprising vegan meat substitutes.
1 . A method for producing a textured plant protein product, the method comprising the steps of
(a) admixing water, transglutaminase, and plant protein to produce a water/transglutaminase plant protein admixture;
(b) holding the admixture for a period of time sufficient to produce a gelatinized protein cake;
(c) grinding the gelatinized protein cake to produce a ground protein product; and
(d) drying the ground protein product at a drying temperature of from about 60 to about 300 degrees Celsius, to produce a textured plant protein product.
2 . The method of claim 1 wherein the plant protein is at least one pea protein.
3 . The method of claim 1 wherein step (b) comprises holding the admixture for a period of from 0.5 minutes to about 60 minutes.
4 . The method of claim 1 wherein the ratio of water to pea protein in the admixture comprises from about 0.5:1 to about 5:1.
5 . The method of claim 1 wherein the transglutaminase is added at from about 0.0001 percent to about 10 percent of the admixture, by weight.
6 . The method of claim 1 wherein the transglutaminase is a microbial transglutaminase.
7 . The method of claim 1 wherein step (c) is performed using a meat grinder.
8 . The method of claim 1 wherein the transglutaminase is present at from about 0.01% to about 10%, by weight.
9 . The method of claim 1 wherein the plant protein is selected from the group consisting of protein from red lentils, green lentils, yellow lentils, brown lentils, chickpeas, garden peas, black-eyed peas, runner beans, fava beans, kidney beans, and combinations thereof.
10 . A formed meat substitute product comprising:
(a) at least one textured protein product made by a method comprising the steps of admixing water, transglutaminase, and plant protein to produce a water/transglutaminase/plant protein admixture; holding the admixture for a period of time sufficient to produce a gelatinized protein cake; grinding the gelatinized protein cake to produce a ground protein product; and drying the ground protein product at a drying temperature of from about 60 to about 300 degrees Celsius, to produce a textured plant protein product;
(b) at least one plant protein; and
(c) a binding agent selected from the group consisting of transglutaminase, at least one hydrocolloid, and combinations thereof.
11 . The formed meat substitute product of claim 10 , wherein the at least one plant protein comprises at least one pea protein.
12 . The formed meat substitute product of claim 10 wherein the hydrocolloid is selected from the group consisting of chia mucilage, flax mucilage, carrageenan, gum arabic, locust bean methylcellulose, guar gum, gellan gum, tara gum, konjac gum, modified gum acacia, xanthan gum, pectin, and combinations thereof.