Gas turbine engine having electric motor for applying power to a spool shaft and method for operating same
A gas turbine engine includes a low-pressure spool, a high-pressure spool, and an electric motor. The low-pressure spool includes a low-pressure compressor in rotational communication with a low-pressure turbine and a fan via a first shaft. The high-pressure spool includes a high-pressure compressor in rotational communication with a high-pressure turbine via a second shaft. The electric motor is operably connected to the second shaft. The electric motor is configured to apply a rotational force to the second shaft.
1. A gas turbine engine comprising:
a first spool including a first compressor driven by a first shaft;
a second spool including a second compressor driven by a second shaft, the second compressor positioned downstream of the first compressor with respect to a core flowpath of the gas turbine engine;
an electric motor operably connected to the second shaft, the electric motor configured to apply a rotational force to the second shaft; and
a controller including a processor in communication with a non-transitory memory storing instructions, which instructions when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
selectively apply a rotational force to the second shaft with the electric motor to maintain an operating state of the first compressor below a maximum operating line of the first compressor;
wherein the first compressor is a fixed-vane compressor.
2. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , further comprising an engine accessory gearbox operably connecting the electric motor to the second shaft.
3. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , further comprising an energy storage device in electrical communication with the electric motor.
4. The gas turbine engine of claim 3 , wherein the energy storage device is a battery.
5. The gas turbine engine of claim 3 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to selectively apply electrical energy from the energy storage device to the electric motor causing the electric motor to apply the rotational force to the second shaft.
6. The gas turbine engine of claim 1 , wherein the first spool includes an electrical generator operably connected to the first shaft, the electrical generator in electrical communication with the electric motor.
7. The gas turbine engine of claim 6 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to selectively apply electrical energy from the electrical generator to the electric motor causing the electric motor to apply the rotational force to the second shaft.
8. The gas turbine engine of claim 7 , further comprising at least one sensor configured to measure a pressure within the first compressor, the at least one sensor in signal communication with the controller.
9. The gas turbine engine of claim 8 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the processor to determine a pressure ratio of the first compressor based, at least in part, on the measured pressure from the at least one sensor.
10. A method for operating a gas turbine engine, the method comprising:
providing a first spool including a first compressor driven by a first shaft;
providing a second spool including a second compressor driven by a second shaft, the second compressor positioned downstream of the first compressor with respect to a core flowpath of the gas turbine engine;
calculating, with a controller, a current operating state of the first compressor;
determining, with the controller, a maximum operating line of the first compressor for the current operating state; and
selectively applying a rotational force to the second shaft with an electric motor operably connected to the second shaft to maintain the current operating state of the first compressor less than or equal to the maximum operating line of the first compressor;
wherein the first compressor is a fixed-vane compressor.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of applying the rotational force to the second shaft includes anticipating the current operating state of the first compressor will exceed the determined maximum operating line of the first compressor for the current operating state.
12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising controlling, with the controller, a speed of the electric motor to maintain the current operating state of the first compressor less than or equal to the determined maximum operating line of the first compressor for the current operating state.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein determining, with the controller, the current operating state of the first compressor includes determining a pressure ratio of the first compressor and an air flow of the first compressor using one or more sensors in communication with the controller.
14. The method of claim 10 , further comprising generating electrical energy with an electrical generator operably connected to the first shaft, wherein the step of applying the rotational force to the second shaft with the electric motor includes applying the electrical energy to the electric motor.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the step of applying the rotational force to the second shaft with the electric motor includes applying electrical energy to the electric motor with an energy storage device.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the energy storage device is a battery.
17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising generating electrical energy with an electrical generator operably connected to the first shaft, wherein the step of applying the rotational force to the second shaft with the electric motor includes applying the electrical energy to the electric motor from the electrical generator and the energy storage device.