Suspension system
Various suspension systems for vehicles are described that preferably comprise a multi-link suspension where one or more of the links can move independently of the other links. The multiple independent links are connected to an upright, vertical load reaction that is decoupled from horizontal load reaction, thus delivering a more comfortable ride and reduced feedback to the driver or operator of the vehicle. By eliminating that external feedback using the inventive subject matter discussed herein, vehicles can be safer and easier to control in all circumstances.
1. A suspension system for a vehicle, comprising:
a plurality of independently movable links comprising at least a first link and a second link, wherein a first end of the first link is coupled to a chassis of the vehicle and a second end of the first link is coupled to a knuckle at a first point, and wherein a first end of the second link is coupled to the chassis and a second end of the second link is coupled to the knuckle at a second point, wherein the first point is different from the second point, and wherein the first and second links may move or pivot independently of one another;
wherein the knuckle comprises a tire having a wheel center line point;
wherein an instant center is a point where hypothetical lines extending along each of the first link and the second link converge, and wherein a first distance between the first point and the instant center is approximately equal to a second distance between the second point and the instant center.
2. The suspension system of claim 1 , wherein the first point, the second point and the instant center define an isosceles triangle.
3. The suspension system of claim 1 , wherein a first plane intersects the first point, the second point, the instant center, a third point where the first link couples to the chassis and a fourth point where the second link couples to the chassis.
4. The suspension system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a third link and a fourth link, wherein a first end of the third link is coupled to the chassis and a second end of the third link is coupled to the knuckle at a third point, and wherein a first end of the fourth link is coupled to the chassis and a second end of the fourth link is coupled to the knuckle at a fourth point;
wherein a second instant center is a point where hypothetical lines extending along each of the third link and the fourth link converge, and wherein a third distance between the third point and the second instant center is approximately equal to a fourth distance between the fourth point and the second instant center.
5. The suspension system of claim 4 , wherein the third point, the fourth point and the second instant center define an isosceles triangle.
6. The suspension system of claim 4 , wherein a second plane intersects the third point, the fourth point, the second instant center, a fifth point where the third link couples to the chassis and a sixth point where the fourth link couples to the chassis.
7. The suspension system of claim 4 , wherein the first and second links comprise upper links connected to the knuckle at or above a vertical center of the knuckle, and wherein the third and fourth links comprise lower links connected to the knuckle at or below the vertical center of the knuckle.
8. The suspension system of claim 7 , wherein the third and fourth links collectively comprise an A-arm.
9. The suspension system of claim 1 , wherein the second end of the first link is coupled to the knuckle at the first point via a first spherical joint such that the first link can spherically rotate, and wherein a second end of the second link is coupled to the knuckle at a second point via a second spherical joint such that the link can spherically rotate.
10. The suspension system of claim 9 , wherein the first link is coupled to the chassis and knuckle independently of the second link.
11. A suspension system for a vehicle, comprising:
a plurality of links comprising at least a first link and a second link, wherein a first end of the first link is coupled to a chassis of the vehicle and a second end of the first link is coupled to a knuckle at a first point, and wherein a first end of the second link is coupled to the chassis and a second end of the second link is coupled to the knuckle at a second point;
wherein the knuckle comprises a tire having a wheel center line point; and
wherein the wheel centerline point remains within (i) 7.0% of a width or distance between a set of inboard pickup points where the first and second links couple to the chassis or (ii) 2.0 cm over a +/−30 deg steering range, of an initial spindle line as the knuckle is rotated.
12. The suspension system of claim 11 , wherein the wheel centerline point remains within (i) 2.5% of the width or distance between the set of inboard pickup points where the first and second links couple to the chassis or (ii) 6 mm over the +/−30 deg steering range, of the initial spindle line as the knuckle is rotated.
13. The suspension system of claim 11 , wherein a distance between the first point and the wheel centerline point is approximately equal to a distance between the second point and the wheel centerline point.
14. The suspension system of claim 11 , wherein the initial spindle line is perpendicular to the chassis and defined when the knuckle is steered at 0 degrees.
15. The suspension system of claim 11 , wherein the first point, the second point and the wheel centerline point define an isosceles triangle.
16. The suspension system of claim 11 , wherein a first plane intersects the first point, the second point, the wheel centerline point, a third point where the first link couples to the chassis and a fourth point where the second link couples to the chassis.
17. The suspension system of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of links further comprises:
a third link and a fourth link;
wherein a first end of the third link is coupled to the chassis and a second end of the third link is coupled to the knuckle at a third point;
wherein a first end of the fourth link is coupled to the chassis and a second end of the fourth link is coupled to the knuckle at a fourth point;
wherein a distance between the third point and the wheel centerline point is approximately equal to a distance between the fourth point and the wheel centerline point.
18. The suspension system of claim 17 , wherein the third point, the fourth point and the wheel centerline point define an isosceles triangle.
19. The suspension system of claim 17 , wherein a second plane intersects the third point, the fourth point, the wheel centerline point, a fifth point where the third link couples to the chassis and a sixth point where the fourth link couples to the chassis.
20. The suspension system of claim 17 , wherein the first and second links comprise upper links connected to the knuckle above a vertical center of the knuckle and the third and fourth links comprise lower links connected to the knuckle below the vertical center of the knuckle.
21. The suspension system of claim 17 , wherein the third and fourth links collectively comprise an A-arm.
22. The suspension system of claim 11 , wherein the first link pivots or moves independently of the second link.