Spent brewers' yeast based alternative meat
Alternative meat from a material comprising spent brewers' yeast as the primary ingredient is provided herein. The product contains from 20% to 80% dry weight spent brewers' yeast, has a meaty flavor and texture, and a reduced RNA content, making it safe for human consumption.
1. A meat substitute suitable for human consumption comprising:
at least 20% of a yeast by weight based on the dry weight of the meat substitute; and
a ribonucleic acid (RNA) content less than 4% of the meat substitute's protein dry weight, and
wherein the meat substitute is made by extruding a mix comprising a range of 40% to 80% of a liquid yeast by weight, inclusively, based upon the total weight of the mix.
2. The meat substitute of claim 1 wherein the liquid yeast comprises spent brewers' yeast, spent distillers' yeast, surplus yeast from ethanol manufacturing, bakers' yeast, nutritional yeast, or a combination thereof.
3. The meat substitute of claim 1 further comprising a secondary protein ingredient, wherein the secondary protein ingredient comprises vegetable protein, microbial protein, fungal protein, animal protein, or cultured protein, and wherein the secondary protein ingredient is in a native, concentrated, or isolated form, or a combination thereof.
4. The meat substitute of claim 1 wherein the liquid yeast comprises 8 to 25% solids, inclusively, based on the total weight of the liquid yeast.
5. The meat substitute of claim 1 wherein the liquid yeast comprises 8 to 11% solids, inclusively, based on the total weight of the liquid yeast.
6. The meat substitute of claim 1 wherein the liquid yeast comprises 15 to 25% solids, inclusively, based on the total weight of the liquid yeast.
7. The meat substitute of claim 1 wherein mix comprises from 65 to 70% liquid yeast by weight, inclusively, based upon the total weight of the mix.
8. The meat substitute of claim 1 wherein the liquid yeast comprises one or more of debittered, autolyzed, or hydrolyzed yeast.
9. The meat substitute of claim 1 wherein the extrusion comprises a heat treatment and a pressure treatment.
10. A meat substitute suitable for human consumption comprising:
at least 20% of a yeast by weight based on the dry weight of the meat substitute; and
a ribonucleic acid (RNA) content less than 4% of the meat substitute's protein dry weight, and wherein the meat substitute is made from a mix comprising a range of 40% to 80% of liquid yeast comprising spent brewers' yeast.
11. The meat substitute of claim 10 further comprising a secondary protein ingredient wherein the secondary protein ingredient comprises vegetable protein, microbial protein, fungal protein, animal protein, or cultured protein, and wherein the secondary protein ingredient is in a native, concentrated, or isolated form, or a combination thereof.
12. The meat substitute of claim 10 wherein the RNA content is less than 0.14% of the meat substitute's dry weight.
13. The meat substitute of claim 10 wherein the RNA content is greater than 0.07% and less than 0.14%, inclusively, of the meat substitute's dry weight.
14. The meat substitute of claim 10 wherein the extrusion comprises a heat treatment and a pressure treatment.
15. A meat substitute suitable for human consumption comprising:
10 to 20% yeast protein by weight, inclusively, based on the total dry weight of the meat substitute;
at least 30% by weight of at least one secondary protein ingredient based on the total weight of the meat substitute; and
a ribonucleic acid (RNA) content less than 4% of the meat substitute's protein dry weight.
16. The meat substitute of claim 15 wherein the source of the yeast protein comprises spent brewers' yeast, spent distillers' yeast, surplus yeast from ethanol manufacturing, bakers' yeast, nutritional yeast, or a combination thereof.
17. The meat substitute of claim 15 wherein the secondary protein ingredient comprises vegetable protein, microbial protein, fungal protein, animal protein, or cultured protein.
18. The meat substitute of claim 15 wherein the RNA content is less than 0.14% of the meat substitute's dry weight.
19. The meat substitute of claim 15 wherein the RNA content is greater than 0.07% and less than 0.14%, inclusively, of the meat substitute's dry weight.
20. The meat substitute of claim 16 wherein the meat substitute is made by co-extruding the source of the yeast protein and the second protein ingredient, wherein the co-extruding comprises a heat treatment and a pressure treatment.