Advanced electrolyte systems and their use in energy storage devices
An ultracapacitor that includes an energy storage cell immersed in an advanced electrolyte system and disposed within a hermetically sealed housing, the cell electrically coupled to a positive contact and a negative contact, wherein the ultracapacitor is configured to output electrical energy within a temperature range between about −40 degrees Celsius to about 210 degrees Celsius. Methods of fabrication and use are provided.
1. An electrode, comprising:
a current collector; and
a set of high-aspect ratio carbon elements affixed to the current collector, wherein the set of high aspect ratio carbon elements comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes; wherein the plurality of carbon nanotubes are substantially aligned along at least one dimension;
wherein the electrode is operable in an energy storage device at temperatures of −40 degrees Celsius to 210 degrees Celsius.
2. An energy storage device comprising the electrode of claim 1 .
3. The energy storage device of claim 2 , wherein the energy storage device is a lithium-ion battery.
4. An energy storage device, comprising:
an electrode, comprising:
a current collector; and
a set of high-aspect ratio carbon elements affixed to the current collector, wherein the set of high aspect ratio carbon elements comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes; wherein the plurality of carbon nanotubes are substantially aligned along at least one dimension;
wherein the electrode is operable in an energy storage device at temperatures of −40 degrees Celsius to 210 degrees Celsius.
5. The energy storage device of claim 4 , wherein the energy storage device is a lithium-ion battery.
6. The energy storage device claim 4 , wherein:
the energy storage device comprises an electrolyte; and
the energy storage device has less than 500 parts per million of water over a weight and volume of the electrolyte.
7. The energy storage device claim 6 , wherein the energy storage device has less than 200 parts per million of water over the weight and volume of the electrolyte.
8. The energy storage device claim 6 , wherein the energy storage device has less than 100 parts per million of water over the weight and volume of the electrolyte.
9. The energy storage device claim 4 , wherein:
the energy storage device comprises an electrolyte; and
the energy storage device has less than 1,000 parts per million of impurities over a weight and volume of the electrolyte.