Methods for rapid detection of immunogenic epitopes in biothreat agents and emerging pathogens for peptide vaccines and therapeutics
A newly developed generalizable screening method enables efficient identification of epitopes, in the proteomes of pathogenic agent is provided. Also disclosed are systems that enable the method as well as epitopes discovered using the method.
1. A method of identifying an immunogenic peptide comprising:
a) identifying an interactive peptide by contacting a peptide library generated from a pathogenic agent with purified peptide-specific immunoglobulins under conditions to form peptide-immunoglobulin complexes between the interactive peptides and the specific immunoglobulins and identifying one or more interactive peptides bound to the peptide-immunoglobulin complexes; and
b) comparing the identified interactive peptides of step (a) to peptides bound to control immunoglobulins, and selecting at least one identified peptide of step (a) that does not bind to the control immunoglobulins or is enriched in the interactive peptides of step (a) as compared to the peptide bound to control immunoglobulins, thereby identifying an immunogenic peptide.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the interactive peptides of step a) are obtained from one or more of convalescent sera or from sera or plasma collected from a subject who was immunized with or exposed to the pathogenic agent or the control immunoglobulins are obtained from sera or plasma from a subject who was not exposed to or immunized with the pathogenic agent.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting step a) comprises a method of contacting host cells transfected with the pathogenic agent and cultured in a media supplied with an azide-bearing methionine analog that labels pathogenic agent peptides, with the peptide library of step (a).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein selecting the peptide library comprises a bioinformatics analysis to include peptides that are predicted to be B-cell epitopes, deeply evolutionary conserved, conserved across the majority of sequenced pathogenic strains, surface exposed, part of membrane proteins, or any combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising assaying the peptide for a broad spectrum immunity against all variants of the same pathogenic agent.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pathogenic agent is genetically engineered to express a modified (RNA methionine synthase (metRS).
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunogenic peptide identified by the method comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 1-91.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selecting the peptide further comprises:
a) generating a plurality of control and identified pairs of datasets, each pair comprising (i) an identified dataset comprising the identified peptides, and (ii) a corresponding control dataset comprising control peptides purified based on immunoglobulins; and
b) identifying the peptides that are more abundant in each identified dataset as compared to the corresponding control dataset, wherein identifying the peptides that are more abundant comprises generating a frequency for peptides occurring more abundantly in the identified dataset relative to the corresponding control dataset.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein selecting the at least one peptide (i) does not include determining an average log fold change in abundance, and (ii) does not employ a t-test to identify peptides with a significantly higher average abundance in experimental datasets as compared to control datasets.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
generating a plurality of input datasets corresponding to the plurality of control and identified pairs of datasets, each input dataset comprising the peptides in the peptide library;
normalizing input datasets against each other based on median ratios for peptides occurring in every input dataset; and
normalizing the identified and control datasets against their respective input datasets based on the median ratios.
11. The method of claim 8 , further comprising identifying candidate epitopes, wherein identifying candidate epitopes comprises performing evolutionary conservation analysis on the identified and control peptides, and wherein the evolutionary conservation analysis comprises at least one of (i) generating an average amino acid conservation score, or (ii) checking for the presence of the peptide in the genome of all sequenced strains of the pathogen.