Selective catalytic reduction suspension
The present disclosure relates to an aqueous suspension comprising water, a source of one or more of a vanadium oxide and a tungsten oxide, and particles of an oxidic support; wherein the particles of the aqueous suspension exhibit a polymodal particle size distribution characterized by a particle size distribution curve comprising a first peak with a maximum M(I) in the range of from 0.5 micrometers to 15 micrometers and a second peak with a maximum M(II) in the range of from 1 micrometers to 40 micrometers, wherein M(I):M(II) is less than 1:1.
1. An aqueous suspension comprising:
water, a source of one or more of a vanadium oxide and a tungsten oxide, and particles of an oxidic support;
wherein the particles of the aqueous suspension exhibit a polymodal particle size distribution having a particle size distribution curve comprising a first peak with a maximum, M(I), ranging from 0.5 micrometer to 15 micrometers and a second peak with a maximum, M(II), ranging from 1 micrometer to 40 micrometers, wherein M(I):M(II) is less than 1:1.
2. The suspension of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the aqueous suspension exhibit a bimodal particle size distribution.
3. The suspension of claim 1 , further comprising particles of a mixed oxide comprising cerium.
4. The suspension of claim 3 , wherein the particles of the mixed oxide exhibit a monomodal particle size distribution or a polymodal particle size distribution.
5. The suspension of claim 1 , wherein M(II)-M(I) is greater than or equal to 0.5.
6. The suspension of claim 1 , wherein M(I) ranges from 0.5 micrometer to 5 micrometers; wherein M(II) ranges from 5.5 micrometers to 40 micrometers.
7. The suspension of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the aqueous suspension have a Dv50 ranging from 0.2 micrometer to 10 micrometers.
8. The suspension of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous suspension comprises a source of a vanadium oxide at an amount, calculated as V 2 O 5 , ranging from 1.5 weight-% to 8 weight-%, based on the weight of the oxidic support.
9. The suspension of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the oxidic support exhibit a monomodal particle size distribution; or wherein the particles of the oxidic support exhibit a polymodal particle size distribution.
10. The suspension of claim 1 , wherein the oxidic support comprises one or more of titanium, silicon, zirconium, and tungsten.
11. The suspension of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous suspension further comprises a source of an oxidic binder.
12. A process for preparing the aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , the process comprising:
(i) optionally, preparing an aqueous suspension comprising water and particles of a mixed oxide comprising cerium, wherein the particles of the mixed oxide comprised in the aqueous suspension exhibit a monomodal particle size distribution; or
optionally, preparing an aqueous suspension comprising water and particles of a mixed oxide comprising cerium, wherein the particles of the mixed oxide comprised in the aqueous suspension exhibit a polymodal particle size distribution having a particle size distribution curve comprising a first peak with a maximum M1 ranging from 0.5 micrometer to 20 micrometers and a second peak with a maximum M2 ranging from 1 micrometer to 50 micrometers, wherein M1:M2 is less than 1:1;
(ii) preparing an aqueous suspension comprising water, a source of one or more of a vanadium oxide and a tungsten oxide and further comprising particles of an oxidic support, wherein the particles of the oxidic support comprised in the aqueous suspension exhibit a monomodal particle size distribution, having a particle size distribution curve comprising a peak with a maximum ranging from 0.5 micrometer to 5 micrometers, or wherein the particles of the oxidic support comprised in the aqueous suspension exhibit a polymodal particle size distribution;
(iii) mixing the suspension obtained from (ii), optionally with the suspension obtained from (i), to obtain an aqueous suspension comprising water, a source of one or more of a vanadium oxide and a tungsten oxide, particles of an oxidic support, and optionally particles of a mixed oxide comprising cerium, wherein the particles of the aqueous suspension exhibit a polymodal particle size distribution, having a particle size distribution curve comprising a first peak with a maximum M(I) ranging from 0.5 micrometer to 15 micrometers and a second peak with a maximum M(II) ranging from 1 micrometer to 40 micrometers, wherein M(I):M(II) is less than 1:1.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein preparing the aqueous suspension according to (i) comprises:
(i.1) providing particles of the mixed oxide comprising cerium, wherein the particles of the mixed oxide exhibit a polymodal particle size distribution having a particle size distribution curve comprising a first peak with a maximum M1′ ranging from 0.5 micrometer to 30 micrometers and a second peak with a maximum M2′ ranging from 1 micrometer to 60 micrometers, wherein M1′:M2′ is less than 1:1;
(i.2) preparing an aqueous suspension comprising suspending the particles provided in (i.1) in water;
(i.3) optionally, milling the aqueous suspension prepared in (i.2) until the particles of the aqueous suspension exhibit a polymodal particle size distribution having a particle size distribution curve comprising a first peak with a maximum M1 and a second peak with a maximum M2, wherein M1:M2 is less than 1:1 and wherein M2 is less than M2′ and/or M1 is less than M1′.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the particles of the mixed oxide provided in (i.1) have a Dv50 ranging from 1 micrometer to 30 micrometers.
15. A process for preparing a selective catalytic reduction catalyst, the process comprising:
(a) preparing an aqueous suspension according to claim 1 ;
(b) disposing the suspension obtained in (a) on the surface of the internal walls of a substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending between the inlet end and the outlet end, and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the substrate extending therethrough, wherein the interface between the passages and the internal walls is defined by the surface of the internal walls; and optionally drying the substrate comprising the suspension disposed thereon; and
(c) calcining the substrate obtained in (b).