Control system and method
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device for manipulating a substance, the device comprising at least three series of interdigitated electrode pairs, wherein each electrode of each pair is connected to an electrode in an adjacent pair in the respective series by an electrical path, and a dielectric layer disposed on the at least three series of interdigitated electrode pairs, the dielectric layer comprising one or more sub layers. The at least three series of interdigitated electrode pairs are selectively and independently energisable to produce an electric field at a top surface of the dielectric layer so that a substance on the top surface may be manipulated by the electric field.
1 . A device for manipulating a substance, the device comprising:
at least three series of interdigitated electrode pairs, wherein each electrode of each pair is connected to an electrode in an adjacent pair in the respective series by an electrical path; and
a dielectric layer disposed on the at least three series of interdigitated electrode pairs, the dielectric layer comprising one or more sub layers;
wherein the at least three series of interdigitated electrode pairs are selectively and independently energisable to produce an electric field at a top surface of the dielectric layer so that the substance on the top surface may be manipulated by the electric field;
the device further comprising one or more groups of the interdigitated electrode pairs, each group having a longitudinal axis, wherein in each group the respective interdigitated electrode pairs are arranged along the respective longitudinal axis such that along the respective longitudinal axis no two adjacent pairs are from a single one of the at least three series, and no pair is adjacent to two other pairs from a single one of the at least three series.
2 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least three series of interdigitated electrode pairs consists of only three series of interdigitated electrode pairs.
3 . The device according to claim 1 , comprising a plurality of the one or more groups wherein longitudinal axes of at least some of the plurality of groups radiate out from a common point.
4 . The device according to claim 3 , wherein consecutive interdigitated electrode pairs along each longitudinal axis increase in size in a direction away from the common point.
5 . The device according to claim 4 , wherein lengths of the consecutive interdigitated electrode pairs increase in size in the direction away from the common point.
6 . The device according to claim 4 , wherein widths of the consecutive interdigitated electrode pairs increase in size in the direction away from the common point.
7 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein all of the interdigitated electrode pairs and electrical paths are in the same plane as one another.
8 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein one electrode of each pair is connected to a common ground terminal.
9 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein each electrode of each of the one or more groups of the interdigitated electrode pairs comprises a root and a plurality of branches that each extend from the root along a respective longitudinal axis, wherein the plurality of branches of one electrode of a pair are interdigitated with the plurality of branches of the other electrode of the pair; wherein adjacent branches of each of the interdigitated electrode pairs are spaced from one another in a direction that is perpendicular to the respective longitudinal axis of one of the adjacent branches, and spacing varies along a direction parallel to that respective longitudinal axis.
10 . The device according to claim 9 , wherein the spacing decreases along the direction parallel to the respective longitudinal axis.
11 . The device according to claim 10 , wherein the spacing decreases at a substantially constant rate along the direction parallel to the respective longitudinal axis.
12 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer has a thickness and composition such that the electric field at the top surface of the dielectric layer is at least 2×10 6 V/m when the interdigitated electrode pairs are selectively energized by a voltage of 100 V or less, 50 V or less, or 30 V or less.
13 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer has a thickness and composition such that the electric field at the top surface of the dielectric layer is at least 1×10 7 V/m when the at least three series of interdigitated electrode pairs are selectively energized by a voltage of 100 V or less, 50 V or less, or 30 V or less.
14 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer includes one of the one or more sub layers comprising photosensitive epoxy resin.
15 . The device according to claim 14 , wherein the photosensitive epoxy resin comprises SU8 photoresist.
16 . The device according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer includes one of the one or more sub layers comprising a hydrophobic material.
17 . The device according to claim 16 , wherein the hydrophobic material comprises a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer.
18 . A vehicle comprising the device according to claim 1 .
19 . An assembly comprising a substantially translucent material having the device according to claim 1 embedded therein or affixed thereto.
20 . A method of using the device according to claim 1 , comprising selectively and independently energising the at least three series of interdigitated electrode pairs to produce the electric field at the top surface of the dielectric layer so that the substance on the top surface may be manipulated by the electric field.