Methods and apparatus for angiographic image selection
A method and apparatus for selecting (i) an imaging angle with minimized foreshortening and/or overlap of a target region from an existing angiographic image and/or (ii) selecting an imaging angle for new images so that foreshortening and/or overlap are minimized. A viewing angle cost function is determined that defines optimal viewing angles at least with respect to minimizing foreshortening of the target region. Using the cost function, an image may be selected from among a set of images, which potentially does not match the optimal imaging angle due to the optimal imaging angle having a high cost as a result of overlapping vascular features. The selected image may have an imaging angle that corresponds to a lower cost due to less overlap compared to the optimal imaging angle.
1. A method of selecting an existing angiographic image comprising:
receiving a plurality of angiographic images;
receiving a vascular model of a vasculature;
receiving a selection of a target region of the vascular model;
determining a viewing angle cost function defining cost function values for a plurality of viewing angles with respect to the target region, the cost function values including a first set of cost function values that are located on a first, lower-cost side of a cost function threshold and a second set of cost function values that are located on a second, higher-cost side of the cost function threshold, wherein the viewing angle cost function penalizes foreshortening due to offsets along a first angular axis defining rotations within a first plane less severely than it penalizes foreshortening due to offsets along a second angular axis defining rotations within a second plane, perpendicular to the first plane;
selecting an angiographic image from among the plurality of angiographic images, using the viewing angle cost function applied to the vascular model, by identifying an angiographic image that corresponds to a viewing angle having a cost function value that is located on the first, lower-cost side of the cost function threshold; and
displaying the selected image.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a set of viewing angles having cost function values that are less distant from the cost function threshold than the cost function value of the viewing angle of the selected image, and on the second, higher-cost side of the cost function threshold, is at least as large as a set of viewing angles on the first, lower-cost side of the cost function threshold.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a set of angles having cost function values less distant from the cost function threshold than the cost function value of the viewing angle of the selected image, and on the second, higher-cost side of the cost function threshold, is twice as large as a set of angles on the first, lower-cost side of the cost function threshold.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the viewing angle of the selected image is at a respective local minimum of the viewing angle cost function on the first, lower cost side of the cost function threshold.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the viewing angle cost function value of the viewing angle of the selected image is within a same value distance from a respective local minimum of the viewing angle cost function, while remaining on the first, lower-cost side of the cost function threshold.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the viewing angle of the selected image is within a same angular distance from a respective viewing angle having a local minimum of the viewing angle cost function, while remaining on the first, lower-cost side of the cost function threshold.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting a viewing angle corresponding to a viewing angle of the selected image, and obtaining a new image using the selected viewing angle.
8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising selecting an imaging viewing angle within an offset from the viewing angle of the selected image,
wherein the imaging viewing angle is selected according to a modified cost function that modifies the viewing angle cost function with a cost that increases according to a magnitude of the offset.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selecting is also based on a characteristic of a feature shown in the image.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the feature is a degree of contrast filling of the vasculature modeled by the vascular model.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selecting is also based on an availability of further angiographic images that are recorded at a same heartbeat phase as the selected image.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selecting is also based on an availability of further images recorded within a certain time period of the selected image.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the selected image and the further images together comprise a cineangiogram.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target region comprises a vascular segment defining a longitudinal axis, and the first plane is perpendicular to the vascular segment.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein a region of the cost function along the first angular axis has values within a range of values of a region of the cost function along the second angular axis.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the viewing angle cost function is calculated with increased cost for increasing view overlap of the target region with other regions of the vascular model.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the viewing angle cost function is calculated with decreased cost for viewing angles that show areas of the vascular model with decreased vascular function more clearly.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein decreased vascular function is determined based on a calculated Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) value for regions of the vascular model.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein showing the areas more clearly comprises one or more of reducing their overlap with structures of the vascular model, and reducing their foreshortening.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target region comprises a vascular lesion.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the vascular lesion is distributed among a plurality of vascular segments separated by a vascular branching point.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the target region comprises a plurality of vascular branches identified by a position of the vascular lesion.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the vascular model models an arterial vasculature, and the vascular branches are downstream branches of the vascular lesion.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target region comprises a primary target and a secondary target.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target region comprises a vascular stent.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining the viewing angle cost function comprises calculating a shell representing a surface across which the vasculature extends.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vasculature modeled by the vascular model comprises a portion of a cardiac arterial vasculature.
28. The method of claim 27 , further comprising using the selected image, together with the vascular model, to calculate a Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) of the vasculature.
29. A processor and memory configured to carry out the method of claim 1 .
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein the viewing angle cost function includes a first weight for foreshortening of the target region and a second weight for overlapping vasculature features with respect to the target region.
31. A method of selecting an existing angiographic image comprising:
receiving a plurality of angiographic images;
receiving a vascular model of a vasculature;
receiving a selection of a target region of the vascular model;
determining a viewing angle cost function defining cost function values for a plurality of viewing angles with respect to the target region, the cost function values including a first set of cost function values that are located on a first, lower-cost side of a cost function threshold and a second set of cost function values that are located on a second, higher-cost side of the cost function threshold, wherein the viewing angle cost function is determined based on a direction perpendicular to the target region minimizing foreshortening of the target region, and angles offset from the perpendicular direction increasing foreshortening;
selecting an angiographic image from among the plurality of angiographic images, using the viewing angle cost function applied to the vascular model, by identifying an angiographic image that corresponds to a viewing angle having a cost function value that is located on the first, lower-cost side of the cost function threshold; and
displaying the selected image.
32. A method of selecting an existing angiographic image comprising:
receiving a plurality of angiographic images;
receiving a vascular model of a vasculature;
receiving a selection of a target region of the vascular model;
determining a viewing angle cost function defining cost function values for a plurality of viewing angles with respect to the target region, the cost function values including a first set of cost function values that are located on a first, lower-cost side of a cost function threshold and a second set of cost function values that are located on a second, higher-cost side of the cost function threshold,
wherein determining the viewing angle cost function comprises calculating a shell representing a surface across which the vasculature extends, and wherein the shell comprises a substantially ovate surface;
selecting an angiographic image from among the plurality of angiographic images, using the viewing angle cost function applied to the vascular model, by identifying an angiographic image that corresponds to a viewing angle having a cost function value that is located on the first, lower-cost side of the cost function threshold; and
displaying the selected image.
33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the ovate surface is defined between portions of the vascular model separated by at least 135° from one another relative to a geometric center of the ovate surface.