Light-emitting device, light-emitting apparatus, electronic device, and lighting device
A novel light-emitting device is provided. A light-emitting device with high emission efficiency is provided. A light-emitting device with a favorable lifetime is provided. A light-emitting device with low driving voltage is provided. A light-emitting device with favorable display quality is provided. A light-emitting device that includes an anode, a cathode, and an EL layer positioned between the anode and the cathode, in which the EL layer includes a hole-injection layer, a light-emitting layer, and an electron-transport layer; in which the electron-transport layer contains an electron-transport material and an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a compound of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, or a complex thereof; and in which the resistivity of the hole-injection layer is within a certain range, is provided.
1. A light-emitting device comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
an EL layer positioned between the anode and the cathode,
wherein the EL layer comprises a hole-injection layer, a light-emitting layer, and an electron-transport layer,
wherein the electron-transport layer contains an electron-transport material and at least one of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a compound of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and a complex of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal,
wherein the hole-injection layer comprises a hole-transport material comprising at least one of an anthracene skeleton and a 9-fluorenyl group, and
wherein a resistivity of a film included in the hole-injection layer is higher than or equal to 1×10 4 [Ω·cm] and lower than or equal to 1×10 7 [Ω·cm].
2. A light-emitting device comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
an EL layer positioned between the anode and the cathode,
wherein the EL layer comprises a hole-injection layer, a light-emitting layer, and an electron-transport layer,
wherein the hole-injection layer comprises a hole-transport material comprising at least one of an anthracene skeleton and a 9-fluorenyl group,
wherein the electron-transport layer comprises an electron-transport material and a metal complex containing a ligand having a 8-hydroxyquinolinato structure and a monovalent metal ion, and
wherein a resistivity of a film included in the hole-injection layer is higher than or equal to 1×10 4 [Ω·cm] and lower than or equal to 1×10 7 [Ω·cm].
3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the electron-transport material is an organic compound having an anthracene skeleton.
4. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 ,
wherein an electron mobility of the electron-transport layer in the case where the square root of the electric field strength [V/cm] is 600 is higher than or equal to 1×10 −7 cm 2 /Vs and lower than or equal to 5×10 −5 cm 2 /Vs.
5. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the electron-transport layer comprises a first region and a second region,
wherein the first region is positioned between the light-emitting layer and the second region, and
wherein a concentration of at least one of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the compound of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and the complex thereof is different between the first region and the second region.
6. The light-emitting device according to claim 5 ,
wherein the concentration of at least one of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the compound of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and the complex of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal in the first region is high.
7. The light-emitting device according to claim 5 ,
wherein the concentration of at least one of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the compound of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and the complex of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal in the second region is high.
8. The light-emitting device according to claim 5 ,
wherein the concentration of at least one of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, the compound of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and the complex of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal in the first region or the second region is 0.
9. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the hole-injection layer further contains an electron-accepting material,
wherein the electron-accepting material exhibits an electron-accepting property with respect to the hole-transport material, and
wherein the hole-transport material is an organic compound having a HOMO level of higher than or equal to −5.7 eV and lower than or equal to −5.4 eV.
10. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 ,
wherein an electron mobility of the hole-transport material in the case where the square root of the electric field strength [V/cm] is 600 is lower than or equal to 1×10 −3 cm 2 /Vs.
11. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the resistivity of the film included in the hole-injection layer is higher than or equal to 5×10 4 [Ω·cm] and lower than or equal to 1×10 7 [Ω·cm].
12. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the EL layer comprises a hole-transport layer between the hole-injection layer and the light-emitting layer.
13. The light-emitting device according to claim 12 ,
wherein the hole-transport layer has a two-layer structure of a first hole-transport layer positioned on the hole-injection layer side and a second hole-transport layer positioned on the light-emitting layer side.
14. The light-emitting device according to claim 13 ,
wherein the second hole-transport layer also functions as an electron-blocking layer.
15. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 ,
wherein the light-emitting layer contains a host material and an emission center material, and
wherein an electron mobility of the electron-transport material is lower than an electron mobility of the host material.
16. The light-emitting device according to claim 15 ,
wherein the emission center material exhibits fluorescence.
17. The light-emitting device according to claim 15 ,
wherein the emission center material exhibits blue fluorescence.
18. An electronic device comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 1 ; and
at least one of a sensor, an operation button, a speaker, and a microphone.
19. A light-emitting apparatus comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 1 ; and
a transistor and a substrate.
20. A lighting device comprising:
the light-emitting device according to claim 1 ; and
a housing.