Multi-band equalizers
On-chip Multi-band equalizers for adjusting signal strength for a receiver receiving multi-band frequency signals are provided, The multi-band equalizer comprises multiple series connected tapped LC resonators. The tapped LC resonator may be capacitive tapping or inductive tapping, where both frequency and gain of the frequency bands of interest may be programmed by tuning the capacitances of the programmable capacitors and/or selecting the tapped out terminals of the inductors. The multi-band equalizer may be connected to a signal node, for instance between two amplifiers in the receiver.
1. A multi-band equalizer for adjusting signal strength for a receiver receiving multi-band frequency signals, the multi-band equalizer comprising:
multiple resonators, each resonator having a first, second and third terminal, wherein each resonator comprises:
an inductor connected between the first and second terminals; and
two programmable capacitors connected in series between the first terminal and second terminal, the interconnection of the two programmable capacitors being tapped out and connected to the third terminal; and wherein
the multiple resonators are series connected such that the third terminal of a preceding resonator is connected to the first terminal of a succeeding resonator and, when used in the receiver, the first terminal of the first resonator is connected to a signal node of the receiver and the third terminal of the last resonator is connected to a signal ground, or the first terminal of the first resonator is connected to a signal ground and the third terminal of the last resonator is connected to a signal node of the receiver.
2. A differential multi-band equalizer comprising two of the multi-band equalizers of claim 1 , wherein pairs of inductors in two corresponding resonators are implemented by transformers.
3. A differential multi-band equalizer comprising two of the multi-band equalizers of claim 1 .
4. The multi-band equalizer of claim 1 , wherein both gain and resonance frequency of the multiple resonators are tunable by tuning the capacitances of the programmable capacitors in the multiple resonators.
5. The multi-band equalizer of claim 1 , wherein frequency notches of the multi-band equalizer are controlled by tuning the capacitances of the programmable capacitors and/or selecting the tapped out terminal of the inductor in the multiple resonators.
6. An electronic device comprising a multi-band equalizer of claim 1 .
7. The electronic device of claim 6 , wherein the electronic device is any one of a receiver, a transmitter, a transceiver, a base station, a user equipment or a wireless communication device for a cellular communication system.
8. A multi-band equalizer for adjusting signal strength for a receiver receiving multi-band frequency signals, the multi-band equalizer comprising:
multiple resonators, each resonator having first, second and third terminals, wherein each resonator comprises:
an inductor connected between the first and second terminals, wherein the inductor has two or more tapped out terminals with different inductances, the two or more tapped out terminals being selectively connected to the third terminal;
a programmable capacitor connected between the first and second terminals; and wherein
the multiple resonators are series connected such that the third terminal of a preceding resonator is connected to the first terminal of a succeeding resonator and, when used in the receiver, the first terminal of the first resonator is connected to a signal node of the receiver and the third terminal of the last resonator is connected to a signal ground, or the first terminal of the first resonator is connected to a signal ground and the third terminal of the last resonator is connected to a signal node of the receiver.
9. A differential multi-band equalizer comprising two of the multi-band equalizers of claim 8 .
10. A differential multi-band equalizer comprising two of the multi-band equalizers of claim 8 , wherein pairs of inductors in two corresponding resonators are implemented by transformers.
11. The multi-band equalizer of claim 8 , wherein, for each resonator, gain and resonance frequency of that resonator are tunable by tuning the capacitance of the programmable capacitor and/or selecting the tapped out terminals of the inductors in that resonator.
12. The multi-band equalizer of claim 8 , wherein frequency notches of the multi-band equalizer are controlled by tuning the capacitances of the programmable capacitors and/or selecting the tapped out terminal of the inductor in the multiple resonators.
13. An electronic device comprising a multi-band equalizer of claim 8 .
14. The electronic device of claim 13 , wherein the electronic device is any one of a receiver, a transmitter, a transceiver, a base station, a user equipment or a wireless communication device for a cellular communication system.