Methods to improve the durability of metal-supported solid oxide electrochemical devices
This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to metal-supported solid oxide electrochemical devices. In one aspect, a stainless steel support of a device is oxidized. A coating is deposited on an oxygen-electrode side of the stainless steel support of the device. The coating is operable to reduce chromium evaporation from the stainless steel support. A structure including an oxygen catalyst on the oxygen-electrode side of the device and a fuel catalyst on a fuel-electrode side of the stainless steel support of the device, with an electrolyte disposed between the oxygen catalyst and the fuel catalyst, is formed. The device is thermally treated at a temperature of about 10° C. to 400° C. above an operating temperature of about 600° C. to 800° C. of the device, the oxygen-electrode side of the device being in an oxidizing atmosphere and the fuel-electrode side of the device being in a reducing atmosphere.
1. A method comprising:
(a) oxidizing a stainless steel support of a device, the device being a metal-supported solid oxide electrochemical device;
(b) depositing a coating on an oxygen-electrode side of the stainless steel support of the device, the coating operable to reduce chromium evaporation from the stainless steel support;
(c) forming a structure including an oxygen catalyst on the oxygen-electrode side of the device and a fuel catalyst on a fuel-electrode side of the stainless steel support of the device, with an electrolyte disposed between the oxygen catalyst and the fuel catalyst; and
(d) thermally treating the device at a temperature of about 10° C. to 400° C. above an operating temperature of about 600° C. to 800° C. of the device, the oxygen-electrode side of the device being in an oxidizing atmosphere and the fuel-electrode side of the device being in a reducing atmosphere.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stainless steel support is oxidized at about 700° C. to 1000° C. for about 0.1 hours to 14 hours in air or a mixture of gases comprising steam and hydrogen.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein operation (a) produces a layer of chromium oxide on the stainless steel support.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coating is deposited on the oxygen-electrode side of the stainless steel support using a method selected from a group including atomic layer deposition, electrophoretic deposition, and infiltrating the coating on the stainless steel support.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coating is a conformal coating.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coating is selected from a group consisting of cobalt, manganese, copper, aluminum, yttrium, cerium, lanthanum, nickel, iron, chromium, alloys of the foregoing elements, and oxides of the foregoing elements and alloys.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein operation (d) sinters and/or coarsens the oxygen catalyst and the fuel catalyst.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal treatment is for about 0.5 hours to 10 hours.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein operation (d) grows a grain size or particle size of the oxygen catalyst and a grain size or particle size of the fuel catalyst to about 50 nanometers to 1 micron.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature in operation (d) is about 25° C. to 100° C. above the operating temperature of the device.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
after operation (d), depositing the oxygen catalyst on the oxygen-electrode side of the device or depositing the fuel catalyst on a fuel-electrode side of the device.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen catalyst comprises Pr-oxide (PrOx) or a composite of Pr-oxide (PrOx) and samarium doped ceria (SDC).
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen catalyst includes a composite of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF) and samarium doped ceria (SDC).
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the device is selected from a group consisting of a metal supported solid oxide fuel cell (MS-SOFC), a metal supported solid oxide electrolysis cell, a metal supported solid oxide electrochemical reactor, a metal supported solid oxide oxygen generator, a metal supported solid oxide electrochemical hydrogen generator, and a metal supported solid oxide electrochemical hydrogen compressor.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coating is deposited on the oxygen-electrode side of the stainless steel support using atomic layer deposition or electrophoretic deposition, and wherein the coating comprises CoO x .
16. A method comprising:
(a) depositing a coating on an oxygen-electrode side of a stainless steel support of a device, the coating operable to reduce chromium evaporation from the stainless steel support, the device being a metal-supported solid oxide electrochemical device;
(b) forming a structure including an oxygen catalyst on the oxygen-electrode side of the device and a fuel catalyst on a fuel-electrode side of the stainless steel support of the device, with an electrolyte disposed between the oxygen catalyst and the fuel catalyst; and
(c) thermally treating the device at a temperature of about 10° C. to 400° C. above an operating temperature of about 600° C. to 800° C. of the device, the oxygen-electrode side of the device being in an oxidizing atmosphere and the fuel-electrode side of the device being in a reducing atmosphere.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein operation (c) sinters and/or coarsens the oxygen catalyst and the fuel catalyst.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein operation (c) grows a grain size or particle size of the oxygen catalyst and a grain size or particle size of the fuel catalyst to about 50 nanometers to 1 micron.
19. A method comprising:
(a) forming a structure including an oxygen catalyst on an oxygen-electrode side of a stainless steel support of a device, and a fuel catalyst on a fuel-electrode side of the stainless steel support of the device, with an electrolyte disposed between the oxygen catalyst and the fuel catalyst, the device being a metal-supported solid oxide electrochemical device; and
(b) thermally treating the device at a temperature of about 10° C. to 400° C. above an operating temperature of about 600° C. to 800° C. of the device for about 0.5 hours to 10 hours, the oxygen-electrode side of the device being in an oxidizing atmosphere and the fuel electrode side of the device being in a reducing atmosphere, the thermal treatment sintering and/or coarsening a microstructure of the oxygen catalyst and a microstructure of the fuel catalyst.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein operation (b) grows a grain size or particle size of the oxygen catalyst and a grain size or particle size of the fuel catalyst to about 50 nanometers to 1 micron.