Method and system for the synthesis of methanol
A process for synthesizing methanol may involve supplying a CO2 stream consisting predominantly of carbon dioxide and an H stream consisting predominantly of hydrogen to a methanol reactor arrangement for conversion to methanol. A tail gas stream comprising unreacted hydrogen may be obtained from the methanol reactor arrangement. The unreacted hydrogen may be at least partly recycled to the methanol reactor arrangement. The tail gas stream is supplied to a hydrogen recovery arrangement to obtain a return stream comprising the unreacted hydrogen. The molar proportion of hydrogen in the return stream may be higher than in the tail gas stream.
1. A process for synthesizing methanol comprising:
supplying a CO2 stream that includes a molar proportion of at least 50% carbon dioxide and an H stream that includes a molar proportion of at least 50% hydrogen to a methanol reactor arrangement for conversion to methanol;
obtaining a tail gas stream that comprises unreacted hydrogen from the methanol reactor arrangement;
supplying the tail gas stream from the methanol reactor arrangement, together with a hydrogen-containing fresh gas stream from a hydrogen-obtaining arrangement, to a hydrogen recovery arrangement to obtain a return stream that comprises unreacted hydrogen, wherein the return stream includes a molar proportion of at least 50% hydrogen; and
returning the return stream or at least the unreacted hydrogen to the methanol reactor arrangement as the H stream.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the hydrogen recovery arrangement includes a pressure swing adsorption apparatus for obtaining the return stream from the tail gas stream.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the hydrogen recovery arrangement includes a membrane apparatus for obtaining the return stream from the tail gas stream, wherein the tail gas stream is fed to the membrane apparatus to obtain a membrane hydrogen stream and a membrane tail stream, wherein the membrane tail stream is fed to the pressure swing adsorption apparatus to obtain a pressure swing adsorption hydrogen stream.
4. The process of claim 1 comprising:
returning a recycle stream comprising unreacted tail gas from the methanol reactor arrangement to the methanol reactor arrangement for partial conversion to methanol; and
pressurizing the recycle stream by a recycle compressor arrangement before returning the recycle stream to the methanol reactor arrangement.
5. The process of claim 4 comprising feeding the return stream to the recycle stream prior to pressurizing by the recycle compressor arrangement.
6. The process of claim 4 wherein the methanol reactor arrangement comprises a methanol separation arrangement for obtaining the tail gas stream and a crude methanol stream, wherein the recycle stream is obtained from the methanol separation arrangement.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the methanol reactor arrangement has a multitude of reactor stages for methanol synthesis that are connected in series, and wherein the methanol separation arrangement has a multitude of methanol separation apparatuses, wherein each methanol separation apparatus is connected downstream of a reactor stage of the multitude of reactor stages.
8. The process of claim 7 comprising obtaining a crude methanol substream and a stage tail gas stream comprising unreacted hydrogen from each of the methanol separation apparatuses of the multitude of methanol separation apparatuses, wherein up to a last reactor stage of the multitude of reactor stages, each stage tail gas stream from one of the methanol separation apparatuses is fed to a downstream reactor stage, the process comprising combining the crude methanol substreams to give the crude methanol stream.
9. The process of claim 7 comprising feeding the CO2 stream, the H stream, the return stream, and the pressurized recycle stream to a first reactor stage of the multitude of reactor stages.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein the tail gas stream is obtained from a methanol separation apparatus that is connected downstream of a tail gas recovery reactor stage, wherein the tail gas recovery reactor stage is connected downstream of the first reactor stage, wherein the tail gas recovery reactor stage is last in series among the multitude of reactor stages.
11. The process of claim 1 wherein the CO2 stream, the H stream, and the return stream, before being fed to the methanol reactor arrangement, are pressurized by a feed gas compressor arrangement, wherein the feed gas compressor arrangement has a multitude of compressor stages that are connected in series, wherein the H stream is supplied to the feed gas compressor arrangement for pressurization between different compressor stages of the multitude of compressor stages.
12. The process of claim 1 wherein a majority of the CO2 stream is carbon dioxide and/or a majority of the H stream is hydrogen.
13. A plant for synthesizing methanol, the plant comprising a methanol reactor arrangement configured to be supplied with a CO2 stream that includes a molar proportion of at least 50% carbon dioxide and an H stream that includes a molar proportion of at least 50% hydrogen for conversion to methanol, wherein the methanol reactor arrangement is configured to produce a tail gas stream comprising unreacted hydrogen and configured to receive the unreacted hydrogen in the tail gas stream that is at least partially returned to the methanol reactor arrangement as the H stream, wherein the plant includes a hydrogen recovery arrangement configured to be supplied with the tail gas stream from the methanol reactor arrangement, together with a hydrogen-containing fresh gas stream from a hydrogen-obtaining arrangement, and to produce a return stream comprising the unreacted hydrogen, wherein the return stream includes a molar proportion of at least 50% hydrogen.
14. The process of claim 1 wherein the tail gas stream is combined with the hydrogen-containing fresh gas stream before they are supplied to the hydrogen recovery arrangement to obtain the return stream.
15. The process of claim 1 wherein the tail gas stream is supplied directly from the methanol reactor arrangement to the hydrogen recovery arrangement and the hydrogen-containing fresh gas stream is supplied directly from the hydrogen-obtaining arrangement to the hydrogen recovery arrangement.
16. The process of claim 1 wherein the hydrogen-containing fresh gas stream is supplied directly from the hydrogen-obtaining arrangement to the hydrogen recovery arrangement.
17. The process of claim 16 wherein the hydrogen-obtaining arrangement includes a plant for obtaining hydrogen by electrolysis.
18. The process of claim 16 wherein the hydrogen-obtaining arrangement includes a steam reformer.