Metal sealing ring and method of forming a metal-to-metal seal
A metal sealing ring ( 1 ) for forming a metal-to-metal seal between two opposing metal surfaces. The metal sealing ring ( 1 ) comprises a tubular metal body ( 3 ) and an inlet tube ( 7 ) extending from the body ( 3 ) for introducing an internal pressure into the body ( 3 ). The body is adapted to deform under the internal pressure against each of the opposing metal surfaces to form the seal ( 1 ).
1. A method of forming a metal-to-metal seal between two opposing metal surfaces using a metal sealing ring comprising a tubular metal body and an inlet tube extending from the body for introducing an internal pressure into the body, the method comprising locating the body of the metal sealing ring between the metal surfaces and using the inlet tube to introduce an internal pressure into the body to deform the body against the metal surfaces to form the seal, wherein the body is plastically deformed such that the internal pressure in the body can be relieved without breaking the seal.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the internal pressure is introduced into the body by forcing a fluid, such as a hydraulic fluid, into the body from the inlet tube.
3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein forcing the fluid into the body from the inlet tube comprises crimping the inlet tube.
4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the internal pressure is created by introducing a liquid or solid into the inlet tube, sealing the inlet tube, and then allowing or causing the liquid or solid to vaporise or sublime.
5. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising releasing the seal by dissolving or chemically reacting away some or all of the metal sealing ring.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the body of the metal sealing ring is made of copper which is plated on the outside with gold, the method further comprising dissolving the copper with a solvent to leave a layer of gold.
7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the internal pressure is introduced into metal sealing ring by moving a piston surface within the interior volume of the inlet tube.
8. A method according to claim 7 , wherein the piston surface is provided by or movable using a screw.
9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the interior of the body is divided into first and second chambers by a dividing wall and the dividing wall moves towards the second chamber in response to the internal pressure being introduced into the first chamber using the inlet tube and thereby causes expansion of the body against each of the opposing metal surfaces.
10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the second chamber comprises a strut that opposes the movement of the dividing wall.
11. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the strut is elastically compressed to provide an elastic restoring force on the dividing wall.
12. A tokamak comprising a vacuum chamber having a toroidal interior volume, the vacuum chamber comprising a plurality of segments, each segment providing a sector of the toroidal interior volume and comprising one or more toroidal field coils wound around the segment for generating a toroidal magnetic field within the sector, the vacuum chamber further comprising a seal formed between at least two of the segments using the method of claim 1 .
13. A tokamak according to claim 12 , wherein each segment is individually removable from the vacuum chamber.
14. A seal between two opposing metal surfaces formed using the method of claim 1 .
15. A vacuum chamber comprising one or more seals according to claim 14 .