Methods for producing hollow silica particles
A method for producing hollow silica particles, comprising: (i) producing a first batch of core-shell particles in which each core-shell particle contains a sacrificial core coated with a silica shell, by adding a tetrahydrocarbyl orthosilicate and hydroxide base to a suspension of sacrificial core particles in a solvent-water mixture, wherein the resulting suspension has a pH of at least 10, and wherein the foregoing steps result in a coating of silica on the sacrificial core particles to produce the first batch of core-shell particles; (ii) separating the first batch of core-shell particles from the solvent-water mixture; (iii) producing a second batch of core-shell particles in the first-stage recovered solvent-water; (iv) separating the second batch of core-shell particles from the first-stage recovered solvent-water mixture; and (v) subjecting the dry first and second batches of core-shell particles to a core removal process to produce the hollow silica particles.
1. A method for producing hollow silica particles, comprising:
(i) producing a first batch of core-shell particles in which each core-shell particle contains a sacrificial core coated with a silica shell, by adding at least three aliquots of a tetrahydrocarbyl orthosilicate separated by a time interval of 4-12 hours between aliquots to a suspension of sacrificial core particles in a solvent-water mixture containing a hydroxide base, wherein the solvent is an organic solvent miscible with water, wherein the resulting suspension has a pH of at least 10 after the tetrahydrocarbyl orthosilicate and hydroxide base are present in the suspension, wherein the sacrificial core particles have an organic-based composition, and wherein the foregoing steps result in a coating of silica on the sacrificial core particles to produce the first batch of core-shell particles in the substantial absence of free silica particles;
(ii) separating the first batch of core-shell particles from the solvent-water mixture to result in a dry first batch of core-shell particles and first-stage recovered solvent-water mixture corresponding to the separated solvent-water mixture;
(iii) producing a second batch of core-shell particles in said first-stage recovered solvent-water mixture by adding sacrificial core particles, tetrahydrocarbyl orthosilicate, and hydroxide base sufficient to adjust the pH of the first-stage recovered solvent-water mixture to at least 10, wherein step (iii) results in a coating of silica on the sacrificial core particles to produce the second batch of core-shell particles;
(iv) separating the second batch of core-shell particles from the first-stage recovered solvent-water mixture used in step (iii) to result in a dry second batch of core-shell particles and second-stage recovered solvent-water mixture; and
(v) subjecting said dry first and second batches of core-shell particles to a core removal process to result in removal of the sacrificial cores, to produce the hollow silica particles.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises, directly following step (iv):
(iii-a) producing a third batch of core-shell particles in said second-stage recovered solvent-water mixture by adding sacrificial core particles, tetrahydrocarbyl orthosilicate, and hydroxide base sufficient to adjust the pH of the second-stage recovered solvent-water mixture to at least 10, wherein step (iii-a) results in a coating of silica on the sacrificial core particles to produce the third batch of core-shell particles;
(iv-a) separating the third batch of core-shell particles from the second-stage recovered solvent-water mixture used in step (iii-a) to result in a dry third batch of core-shell particles and third-stage recovered solvent-water mixture; and
wherein step (v) comprises subjecting said dry first, second, and third batches of core-shell particles to a core removal process to result in removal of the sacrificial cores, to produce the hollow silica particles.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said pH of at least 10 is a pH of at least 10.5.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (v) results in at least 30 cm 3 of hollow silica particles per 100 mL of said solvent-water mixture.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said hollow silica particles have a size of 10 nm to 10 microns.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said sacrificial core particles and resulting sacrificial cores in the core-shell particles have an organic polymer composition.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said organic polymer composition is polystyrene.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said sacrificial core particles are present in said solvent-water mixture in a concentration of at least 2 wt %.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said solvent-water mixture contains at least or above 50% solvent.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent-water mixture is an alcohol-water mixture.
11. A method for producing hollow silica particles, comprising:
(i) producing a batch of core-shell particles in which each core-shell particle contains a sacrificial core coated with a silica shell, by adding at least three aliquots of a tetrahydrocarbyl orthosilicate separated by a time interval of 4-12 hours between aliquots to a suspension of sacrificial core particles in a solvent-water mixture containing a hydroxide base, wherein the solvent is an organic solvent miscible with water, wherein said sacrificial core particles are present in said solvent-water mixture in a concentration of at least 2 wt %; wherein the resulting suspension has a pH of at least 10 after the tetrahydrocarbyl orthosilicate and hydroxide base are present in the suspension; wherein the sacrificial core particles have an organic-based composition; and wherein the foregoing steps result in a coating of silica on the sacrificial core particles to produce the batch of core-shell particles in the substantial absence of free silica particles;
(ii) separating the batch of core-shell particles from the solvent-water mixture to result in a dry batch of core-shell particles and separated solvent-water mixture; and
(iii) subjecting said dry batch of core-shell particles to a core removal process to result in removal of the sacrificial cores, to produce at least 10 cm 3 of the hollow silica particles.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said pH of at least 10 is a pH of at least 10.5.
13. The method according to claim 11 , wherein said concentration of sacrificial core particles of at least 2 wt % is a concentration of sacrificial core particles of at least 4 wt %.
14. The method according to claim 11 , wherein said at least 10 cm 3 of the hollow silica particles is at least 20 cm 3 of the hollow silica particles.
15. The method according to claim 11 , wherein said hollow silica particles have a size of 10 nm to 10 microns.
16. The method according to claim 11 , wherein said sacrificial core particles and resulting sacrificial cores have an organic polymer composition.
17. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the solvent-water mixture is an alcohol-water mixture.