Superconducting generator including vacuum vessel made of magnetic material
A superconducting generator including an armature configured to be rotated via a shaft and a stationary field disposed concentric to and radially outward from the armature. The stationary field including a superconducting field winding and a vacuum vessel having an inner wall of one of a non-magnetic material or a paramagnetic material facing the armature, an opposed outer wall of a ferromagnetic material and a plurality of sidewalls coupling the inner wall and the opposed outer wall. The superconducting field winding is disposed in the vacuum vessel. A wind turbine and method are additionally disclosed. The wind turbine includes a rotor having a plurality of blades. The wind turbine further includes a shaft coupled to the rotor. Moreover, the wind turbine includes the superconducting generator coupled to the rotor via the shaft.
1. A superconducting generator comprising:
an armature configured to be rotated via a shaft;
a stationary field disposed concentric to and radially outward from the armature wherein the stationary field comprises:
a superconducting field winding; and
a vacuum vessel comprising an inner wall facing the armature, an opposed outer wall and a plurality of sidewalls coupling the inner wall and the outer wall, wherein the superconducting field winding is disposed in the vacuum vessel,
wherein the inner wall comprises one of a non-magnetic material or a paramagnetic material,
wherein the opposed outer wall comprises a ferromagnetic material, and
wherein the side walls comprise a ferromagnetic material.
2. The superconducting generator of claim 1 , wherein the ferromagnetic material comprises mild carbon steel.
3. The superconducting generator of claim 2 , wherein the mild carbon steel comprises between 0.04% carbon and 0.30% carbon.
4. The superconducting generator of claim 2 , wherein the mild carbon steel has a magnetic permeability of μ/μ 0 ˜100-10,000, where μ 0 =the permeability of free space, μ=the absolute permeability of the medium, and μ/μ 0 =the relative permeability.
5. The superconducting generator of claim 2 , wherein the mild carbon steel is one of SAE-AISI 1010, SAE-AISI 1020 or ASTM A36.
6. The superconducting generator of claim 1 , wherein the non-magnetic material and the paramagnetic material have a magnetic permeability of μ/μ 0 ˜1.0-2.0, where μ 0 =the permeability of free space, μ=the absolute permeability of the medium, and μ/μ 0 =the relative permeability.
7. The superconducting generator of claim 4 , wherein the non-magnetic material and the paramagnetic material comprise stainless steel.
8. The superconducting generator of claim 1 , wherein the superconducting field winding is configured to generate a magnetic field oriented in a radial direction of the superconducting generator.
9. The superconducting generator of claim 1 , wherein the inner wall of the vacuum vessel is thinner than the outer wall.
10. The superconducting generator of claim 1 , wherein the stationary field further comprises a thermal shield disposed inside the vacuum vessel and enclosing the superconducting field winding.
11. A wind turbine, comprising:
a rotor comprising a plurality of blades;
a shaft coupled to the rotor; and
a superconducting generator coupled to the rotor via the shaft, wherein the superconducting generator comprises:
an armature configured to be rotated via the shaft;
a stationary field disposed concentric to and radially outward from the armature wherein the stationary field comprises:
a superconducting field winding; and
a vacuum vessel comprising an inner wall comprised of one of a non-magnetic material or a paramagnetic material facing the armature, an opposed outer wall comprised of a ferromagnetic material and a plurality of sidewalls comprised of a ferromagnetic material and coupling the inner wall and the opposed outer wall, wherein the superconducting field winding is disposed in the vacuum vessel.
12. The wind turbine of claim 11 , wherein the ferromagnetic material comprises mild carbon steel.
13. The wind turbine of claim 12 , wherein the mild carbon steel has a magnetic permeability of μ/μ 0 ˜100-10,000, where μ 0 =the permeability of free space, μ=the absolute permeability of the medium, and μ/μ 0 =the relative permeability.
14. The wind turbine of claim 13 , wherein the mild carbon steel is one of SAE-AISI 1010, SAE-AISI 1020 or ASTM A36.
15. The wind turbine of claim 11 , wherein the non-magnetic material and the paramagnetic material have a magnetic permeability of μ/μ 0 ˜1.0-2.0, where μ 0 =the permeability of free space, μ=the absolute permeability of the medium, and μ/μ 0 =the relative permeability.
16. The wind turbine of claim 15 , wherein the non-magnetic material and the paramagnetic material comprise stainless steel.
17. The wind turbine of claim 11 , wherein the inner wall is thinner than the outer wall.
18. A method comprising:
operating a wind turbine having a superconducting generator comprising an armature having an armature winding and a stationary field having a superconducting field winding, the superconducting field winding disposed in a vacuum vessel constructed having an inner wall comprised of one of a non-magnetic material or a paramagnetic material and an opposed outer wall comprised of a ferromagnetic material, and a plurality of sidewalls comprised of a ferromagnetic material and coupling the inner wall and the opposed outer wall, the superconducting field winding further disposed concentric to and radially outward from the armature winding,
whereby the vacuum vessel provides increased magnetic flux near the superconducting field winding ends and provides partial magnetic shielding.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the ferromagnetic material comprises mild carbon steel.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein operating the wind turbine comprises imparting rotations to the armature of the superconducting generator via a rotor of the wind turbine.