Method of making a fluid conduit
A method of making a fluid conduit includes at least one tubular metal fitting in fluid communication with metal tubing. The conduit is apt to be incorporated into a subsea umbilical. The fitting is made by cold-forming a workpiece in a spinning operation. The workpiece material initially has a yield strength below that of the tubing material. The invention corrects or reduces this mismatch between the yield strength of the tubing material and the initial yield strength of the workpiece material by: assessing the yield strength of the tubing material; assessing the increased yield strength of the workpiece material by virtue of the spinning operation; and before welding the fitting to the tubing, comparing the increased yield strength of the workpiece material with the yield strength of the tubing material.
1 . A method of making a fluid conduit that comprises at least one tubular metal fitting in fluid communication with wrought metal tubing, the method comprising:
providing a metal workpiece that has been forged and cold-forming the forged metal workpiece in a spinning operation to make the tubular metal fitting, the material of the forged metal workpiece initially having a yield strength below that of the material of the wrought metal tubing;
increasing the yield strength of the forged metal workpiece by virtue of the spinning operation that forms the tubular metal fitting from the forged metal workpiece; and
welding the tubular metal fitting to the wrought metal tubing and producing the fluid conduit.
2 . The method of claim 1 , comprising performing the cold forming of the forged metal workpiece at an above ambient temperature below the recrystallisation temperature of the material of the forged metal workpiece.
3 . The method of claim 1 , comprising annealing or stress relieving the tubular metal fitting before the welding.
4 . The method of claim 1 , comprising providing the forged metal workpiece as a plate or a hollow bar before the cold forming in the spinning operation.
5 . The method of claim 1 , comprising performing the cold forming of the forged metal workpiece around a spinning mandrel.
6 . The method of claim 1 , comprising performing the cold forming of the forged metal workpiece with a spinning forming tool.
7 . The method of claim 1 , comprising correcting or reducing a mismatch between the yield strength of the material of the wrought metal tubing and the initial yield strength of the material of the forged metal workpiece.
8 . The method of claim 1 , comprising:
assessing the yield strength of the material of the wrought metal tubing; and
assessing the increased yield strength of the material of the forged metal workpiece by virtue of the spinning operation.
9 . The method of claim 8 , comprising comparing the increased yield strength of the material of the forged metal workpiece with the yield strength of the material of the wrought metal tubing, before the welding.
10 . The method of claim 1 , comprising certifying mechanical properties of the tubular metal fitting after the cold-forming of the forged metal workpiece in the spinning operation, before the welding.
11 . The method of claim 10 , comprising certifying the mechanical properties of the tubular metal fitting in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard specification A815.
12 . The method of claim 1 , comprising incorporating the fluid conduit into a subsea umbilical during assembly of the umbilical.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal of the wrought metal tubing and of the tubular metal fitting are selected from the following group: steels; steel alloys, such as duplex, super duplex or Inconel; duplex and super duplex stainless steels; and work-hardenable steels and steel alloys.