Method of recycling polyurethane materials
A method for alcoholising and hydrolysing polyurethane (PUR) materials made from at least one polyol compound and at least one toluene diisocyanate based compound; wherein the method comprises the following steps: contacting the polyurethane material with at least one alcoholising compound, thereby forming a reaction mixture (M 0 ) and allowing the polyurethane material and the alcoholising compound to react in said reaction mixture (M 0 ), thereby forming a mixture (M); allowing the mixture (M) to separate into at least an upper phase and a lower phase, wherein phase (A) and phase (B) are two immiscible phases; subjecting phase (B) to at least one hydrolysis step, thereby forming a phase (B1); wherein the at least one alcoholising compound is characterized by a melting point of lower than 200° C.; wherein the at least one alcoholising compound is characterized by a hydroxyl functionality of at least 2; and with the proviso that the at least one alcoholising compound is not glycerol.
1. A method for alcoholising and hydrolysing polyurethane (PUR) materials made from at least one polyol compound and at least one toluene diisocyanate based compound, hereinafter TDI compound; wherein the method comprises the following steps:
contacting the polyurethane material with at least one alcoholising compound, thereby forming a reaction mixture (M 0 ) and allowing the polyurethane material and the alcoholising compound to react in said reaction mixture (M 0 ), thereby forming a mixture (M);
allowing the mixture (M) to separate into at least an upper phase, hereinafter phase (A), and a lower phase, hereinafter phase (B), wherein phase (A) and phase (B) are two immiscible phases;
subjecting phase (B) to at least one hydrolysis step, thereby forming a phase (B1);
wherein phase (B) comprises at least a toluene diamine compound, hereinafter TDA compound, and a toluene dicarbamate compound, hereinafter TDC compound;
wherein the at least one alcoholising compound is characterized by a melting point of lower than 200° C.;
wherein the at least one alcoholising compound is characterized by a hydroxyl functionality of at least 2; and
with the proviso that the at least one alcoholising compound is not glycerol.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the (TDA+TDC) wt. % in the phase (B), relative to the total weight of the phase (B), is more than 10.0 wt. %.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the (TDA+TDC) wt. % in the phase (B), relative to the total weight of the phase (B), is more than 13.0 wt. %.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the (TDA+TDC) wt. % in the phase (B), relative to the total weight of the phase (B), is more than 16.0 wt. %.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one alcoholising compound is selected from the group consisting of diethylene glycol, 2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-pentanediol, diglycerol, ethylene glycol, (meso-) erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, fucitol, iditol, arabitol, ribitol, galactitol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-pentanediol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-pentanediol, 2,2,4-tris(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-pentanediol, 2,2,4,4-tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-pentanediol, 2,5-anhydromannitol, 3-hydroxymethyl-1,3,5-pentanetriol, 3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,6-hexanediol, N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, P,P,P,P-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)phosphonium chloride, di-2-glyceryl ether or 2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxopentane-1,5-diol, 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3,5-pentanetriol, 2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3,5-pentanetriol, 1,3,5,7-heptanetetraol, 2-hydroxymethyl-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 4-hydroxymethyl-1,3,5-hexanetriol, 3-methyl-1,3,5,7-heptanetetraol, 4-hydroxymethyl-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,5-hexanediol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-butanediol, 3-methyl-2,3,5,6-heptanetetraol, 3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,6-heptanediol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-butanediol, 1,3,5-pentanetriol, 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,7-heptanediol, 2,2′-(methylazanediyl)bis(1,3-propanediol), 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,6-hexanediol, 1,3,4,6-hexanetetraol, 1,1,3,3-tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)-2-butanol, 3-hydroxy-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-pentanediol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, di(trimethylolpropane), di(trimethylolethane) or mixtures of two or more thereof.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one alcoholising compound has no 1,2-diol motif.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the at least one alcoholising compound is selected from diethylene glycol, 2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,5-pentanediol, di-2-glyceryl ether or 2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-oxopentane-1,5-diol, 2-hydroxymethyl-1,3,5-pentanetriol, 2,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3,5-pentanetriol, 3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,6-heptanediol, 2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,7-heptanediol, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,6-hexanediol or mixtures of two or more thereof.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the at least one alcoholising compound, relative to 1 part by weight (pbw) of PUR material, is advantageously equal to or less than 10 pbw.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture (M 0 ) further comprises at least one alcoholysis accelerator selected from heterocyclic amines, straight or branched chain aliphatic amines, cycloalkylamines, aromatic amines or cyclic amides, or mixtures of two or more thereof.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein phase (B) is subjected to at least one neutral hydrolysis step by using an aqueous solvent.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein phase (B) is subjected to at least one alkaline hydrolysis step by using an aqueous solvent and at least one base.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the at least one base is comprised in the aqueous solvent, relative to the total weight of the aqueous solvent in an amount of from at least 5% by weight (wt. %), and wherein the at least one base is selected from LiOH, KOH, NaOH, CsOH, Ca(OH) 2 , Mg(OH) 2 or NH 4 OH.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein phase (B1) is further subjected to a purification step, thereby forming a phase (B2) or phase (B1) is further subjected to an amine conversion step, thereby forming a recovered isocyanate compound.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein phase (B2) is further subjected to an amine conversion step, thereby forming a recovered isocyanate compound.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein phase (A) is further subjected to an extraction process, comprising bringing the phase (A) into contact with an extracting compound, mixing the extracting compound and the phase (A), thereby forming an extraction mixture and allowing the extraction mixture to separate into a phase (A1) and a phase (E).
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein phase (A) is further subjected to an ion-exchange treatment thereby forming a phase (A2).
17. A process for preparing PUR materials by reacting at least one of the following:
phase (A) obtainable by the method according to claim 1 ;
phase (A1) obtainable by the method according to claim 1 , wherein phase (A) is further subjected to an extraction process, comprising bringing the phase (A) into contact with an extracting compound, mixing the extracting compound and the phase (A), thereby forming an extraction mixture and allowing the extraction mixture to separate into a phase (A1) and a phase (E);
phase (A2) obtainable by the method according to claim 1 , wherein phase (A) is further subjected to an ion-exchange treatment thereby forming a phase (A2);
a recovered isocyanate compound obtainable by the method according to claim 1 , wherein phase (B1) is further subjected to a purification step, thereby forming a phase (B2), wherein phase (B2) is further subjected to an amine conversion step, thereby forming the recovered isocyanate compound; and/or
a recovered isocyanate compound obtainable by the method according to claim 1 , wherein phase (B1) is further subjected to an amine conversion step, thereby forming the recovered isocyanate compound.