Polyamides and corresponding polymer compositions, articles and methods for making and using
Described herein are polyamides (PA) incorporating a cycloaliphatic monomer containing a cyclohexyl group. It was surprisingly discovered that by incorporating the cycloaliphatic monomer containing a cyclohexyl group, the resulting polyamides (PA) had significantly reduced water absorption and significantly increased Tg, while maintaining high Tm, Tc and good mechanical properties, relative to analogous polyamides free of the cycloaliphatic monomer and PA6,T based polyamides copolymerized with either or both of isophthalic acid and adipic acid.
1 . A polyamide (PA) formed from the polycondensation of a reaction mixture (RM) comprising:
a diamine component (A) comprising:
55 mol % to 75 mol % of a C 4 to C 8 aliphatic diamine,
25 mol % to 45 mol % of a C 9 to C 12 aliphatic diamine, and
0.5 mol % to 10 mol % of a cycloaliphatic diamine containing a cyclohexyl group, which is 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane (1,3-BAC) or 1,4bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane (1,4-BAC),
wherein mol % is relative to the total number of moles of diamines in the diamine component (A);
a dicarboxylic acid component (B) comprising:
90 mol % to 100 mol % of terephthalic acid, and
0 mol % to 10 mol % of a C 6 to C 18 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or an C 8 to C 18 aromatic dicarboxylic acid distinct from terephthalic acid,
wherein mol % is relative to the total number of moles of dicarboxylic acids in the dicarboxylic acid component (B), and
wherein the reaction mixture (RM) is free of a cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid containing a cyclohexyl group and free of a C 8 to C 10 cycloaliphatic amino acid containing a cyclohexyl group.
2 . The polyamide (PA) of claim 1 , wherein the C 4 to C 8 aliphatic diamine is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 2-methyl-1,5-diaminopentane, HMDA, 3-methylhexamethylenediamine, 2,5-dimethylhexamethylenediamine, 1,7-diaminoheptane and 1,8-diaminooctane.
3 . The polyamide (PA) of claim 1 , wherein the C 9 to C 12 aliphatic diamine is selected from the group consisting of 2,2,4-trimethyl-hexamethylenediamine, 2,4,4-trimethyl-hexamethylenediamine, 2-ethyl-1,7-diaminoheptane, 2-methyl-1,8-diaminooctane, 2,2,7,7-tetramethyloctamethylenediamine, 1,9-diaminononane, 2-methyl-1,8-diaminooctane, 5-methyl-1,9-diaminononane, 1,10-diaminodecane, 1,11-diaminoundecane, and 1,12-diaminododecane.
4 . The polyamide (PA) of claim 1 , wherein the C 6 to C 18 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of 2,2-dimethyl-glutaric acid, adipic acid, 2,4,4-trimethyl-adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid, tridecanedioic acid, tetradecanedioic acid, pentadecanedioic acid, hexadecanedioic acid, and octadecanedioic acid.
5 . The polyamide (PA) of claim 1 , wherein the C 8 to C 18 aromatic dicarboxylic acid distinct from terephthalic acid is selected from the group consisting of isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 4,4′-bibenzoic acid, 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, 2,2-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)ketone, 4,4-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)sulfone, 2,2-bis(3-carboxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(3-carboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis(3-carboxyphenyl)ketone, and bis(3-carboxyphenoxy)benzene.
6 . The polyamide (PA) of claim 1 , wherein the C 8 to C 10 cycloaliphatic amino acid containing a cyclohexyl group is 1,4aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid (“4-AMCC”).
7 . The polyamide (PA) of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture (RM) is free of the C 6 to C 18 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid and/or the C 8 to C 18 aromatic dicarboxylic acid distinct from terephthalic acid.
8 . A polymer composition (PC), comprising: the polyamide (PA) formed from the polycondensation of the reaction mixture (RM) defined in claim 1
at least one component selected from the group consisting of reinforcing agents, tougheners, plasticizers, colorants, pigments, antistatic agents, dyes, lubricants, thermal stabilizers, light stabilizers, flame retardants, halogen free flame retardants, nucleating agents and antioxidants.
9 . The polymer composition (PC) of claim 8 , comprising from 10 wt. % to 60 wt. % of glass fibers, based on total weight of the polymer composition (PC).
10 . The polymer composition (PC) of claim 8 , comprising from 30 wt. % to 99.95 wt. % of the polyamide (PA).
11 . The polyamide of claim 1 , wherein the polyamide comprises a ΔHf measured according to ASTM D3418 of at least 30 J/g.
12 . The polyamide of claim 1 , wherein the polyamide comprises a ΔHf measured according to ASTM D3418 of at least 40 J/g.
13 . The polyamide of claim 1 , wherein the polyamide comprises a T g measured according to ASTM D3418 of at least 115° C.
14 . The polyamide of claim 1 , wherein the polyamide comprises a T m measured according to ASTM D3418 of at least 310° C.
15 . The polyamide of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the cycloaliphatic diamine containing a cyclohexyl group is from 3 mol % to 10 mol %.
16 . The polyamide of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the C 9 to C 12 aliphatic diamine is from 30 mol % to 38 mol %.
17 . A polyamide (PA) formed from the polycondensation of a reaction mixture (RM) comprising:
a diamine component (A) comprising:
55 mol % to 75 mol % of a C 4 to C 8 aliphatic diamine, and
25 mol % to 45 mol % of a C 9 to C 12 aliphatic diamine;
wherein mol % is relative to the total number of moles of diamines in the diamine component (A);
a dicarboxylic acid component (B) comprising:
90 mol % to 100 mol % of terephthalic acid,
0 mol % to 10 mol % of a C 6 to C 18 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, and
0.5 mol % to 10 mol % of a cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid containing a cyclohexyl group which is 1,3-CHDA or 1,4-CHDA,
wherein mol % is relative to the total number of moles of dicarboxylic acids in the dicarboxylic acid component (B); and
wherein the reaction mixture (RM) is free of:
a cycloaliphatic diamine containing a cyclohexyl group and free of a C 8 to C 10 cycloaliphatic amino acid containing a cyclohexyl group, and
an C 8 to C 18 aromatic dicarboxylic acid distinct from terephthalic acid.
18 . The polyamide of claim 14 , wherein the polyamide comprises a ΔHf measured according to ASTM D3418 of at least 30 J/g.
19 . The polyamide of claim 14 , wherein the polyamide comprises a ΔHf measured according to ASTM D3418 of at least 40 J/g.
20 . The polyamide of claim 14 , wherein the polyamide comprises a T g measured according to ASTM D3418 of at least 115° C.
21 . The polyamide of claim 14 , wherein the polyamide comprises a T m measured according to ASTM D3418 of at least 310° C.
22 . The polyamide of claim 14 , wherein the concentration of the cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid containing a cyclohexyl group is from 3 mol % to 9 mol %.