Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
An electrophotographic photosensitive member having: a support with a cylindrical shape; and a photosensitive layer, in which the support has a surface formed of Al and/or an Al alloy, and the surface of the support includes Al crystal grains having (α) plane having {001} orientation of −15° or more and less than +15°, (β) plane having {101} orientation of −15° or more and less than +15°, and (γ) plane having {111} orientation of −15° or more and less than +15°, a ratio of an area occupied by Al crystal grains having (γ) to the total area of the surface of the support is 10% or less, and a ratio of an area occupied by any one of Al crystal grains having (α) and Al crystal grains having (β) is 60% or more.
1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising: a support with a cylindrical shape; and a photosensitive layer, wherein
the support has a surface formed of Al and/or an Al alloy, and
the surface of the support comprises an Al crystal grain having
(α) plane having {001} orientation of −15° or more and less than +15°,
(β) plane having {101} orientation of −15° or more and less than +15°, and
(γ) plane having {111} orientation of −15° or more and less than +15°,
a ratio of an area occupied by an Al crystal grain having (γ) to the total area of the surface of the support is 10% or less, and a ratio of an area occupied by any one of an Al crystal grain having (α) and an Al crystal grain having (β) is 60% or more.
2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of an area occupied by the Al crystal grain having (β) to a total area of a surface of the support is 67% or more.
3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of an area occupied by the Al crystal grain having (β) to a total area of a surface of the support is 75% or more.
4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of an area occupied by the Al crystal grain having (α) to a total area of a surface of the support is 67% or more.
5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of an area occupied by the Al crystal grain having (α) to a total area of a surface of the support is 75% or more.
6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of an area occupied by the Al crystal grain having (γ) to a total area of a surface of the support is 5% or less.
7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein an average area of an Al crystal grain is 5 μm 2 or more on a surface of the support.
8. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein
the support is an Al alloy comprising Cu in an amount of 0.05 to 0.2% by mass and Mn in an amount of 1.0 to 1.5% by mass.
9. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein
the support is an Al alloy comprising Si in an amount of 0.2 to 0.6% by mass and Mg in an amount of 0.45 to 0.9% by mass.
10. A process cartridge, integrally supporting an electrophotographic photosensitive member and at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit, and a cleaning unit, and being detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus
the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising: a support with a cylindrical shape; and a photosensitive layer, wherein
the support has a surface formed of Al and/or an Al alloy, and
the surface of the support includes an Al crystal grain having
(α) plane having {001} orientation of −15° or more and less than +15°,
(β) plane having {101} orientation of −15° or more and less than +15°, and
(γ) plane having {111} orientation of −15° or more and less than +15°,
a ratio of an area occupied by an Al crystal grain having (γ) to the total area of the surface of the support is 10% or less, and a ratio of an area occupied by any one of an Al crystal grain having (α) and an Al crystal grain having (β) is 60% or more.
11. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising: an electrophotographic photosensitive member; a charging unit; an exposing unit; a developing unit; and a transfer unit
the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising: a support with a cylindrical shape; and a photosensitive layer, wherein
the support has a surface formed of Al and/or an Al alloy, and
the surface of the support includes an Al crystal grain having
(α) plane having {001} orientation of −15° or more and less than +15°,
(β) plane having {101} orientation of −15° or more and less than +15°, and
(γ) plane having {111} orientation of −15° or more and less than +15°,
a ratio of an area occupied by an Al crystal grain having (γ) to the total area of the surface of the support is 10% or less, and a ratio of an area occupied by any one of an Al crystal grain having (α) and an Al crystal grain having (β) is 60% or more.