Multi-condenser variable conductance heat pipe
In some implementations, a thermal management system includes a heat source and a heat pipe connected to the heat source and configured to transfer thermal energy from the heat source to a plurality of condensers, each of the plurality of condensers branching off from a main pipe of the heat pipe. The heat pipe can be a variable conductance heat pipe containing a working fluid vapor. Each condenser contains a reservoir of non-condensable gas (NCG). At least one of the condensers can be controlled by heating/cooling the respective reservoir of NCG, by reservoir volume changing via bellows, and/or by NCG amount changing via NCG insertion/extraction.
1. A thermal management system, comprising:
a heat source;
a heat pipe connected to the heat source and configured to transfer thermal energy from the heat source to a plurality of condensers, each of the plurality of condensers branching off from a main pipe of the heat pipe, the heat pipe being a variable conductance heat pipe containing a working fluid vapor,
wherein at least one of the condensers is controlled upon an activation of another of the plurality of condensers; and
a plurality of reservoirs, each reservoir being connected to one of the plurality of condensers and contains a non-condensable gas therein, wherein the non-condensable gas is in fluid communication with the plurality of condensers.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the activation comprises controlling thermal conditions, the thermal conditions include activating at least one of: a vapor temperature, a reservoir temperature, or a power input.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the non-condensable gas expands and contracts due to changes in thermal conditions in the plurality of reservoirs.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the non-condensable gas expands into the condenser such that an area of the condenser available for heat transfer is reduced.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the non-condensable gas blocks the working fluid vapor from reaching a portion of the condenser.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the reservoirs remains at a constant temperature.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein temperatures of the other reservoirs vary to be actively heated or cooled.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the non-condensable gas contained in the plurality of reservoirs is actively controlled by at least one of: an electric resistance heating and cooling to ambient temperature, a thermoelectric device, or a heating and cooling via a secondary fluid.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein a number of condensers is four.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein a number of reservoirs is four.
11. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
an evaporator configured to vaporize the working fluid and transfer thermal energy through the heat pipe,
wherein the vaporized working fluid flows to the plurality of condensers where the plurality of condensers condenses the vaporized working fluid into a liquid and returned to the evaporator.
12. A thermal management system, comprising:
a heat pipe configured to transfer thermal energy from a heat source to a plurality of condensers, the heat pipe being a variable conductance heat pipe containing a working fluid vapor,
wherein each of the plurality of condensers includes a reservoir containing a non-condensable gas, and
wherein at least one of the plurality of condensers is controlled by at least one of: heating or cooling the respective reservoir of the non-condensable gas, changing a volume of the respective reservoir, or changing an amount of non-condensable gas in the respective reservoir.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein heating or cooling the respective reservoir includes activating at least one of: a vapor temperature, a reservoir temperature, or a power input.
14. The system of claim 12 , wherein changing the volume of the respective reservoir includes bellows.
15. The system of claim 12 , wherein changing the amount of non-condensable gas in the respective reservoir includes adding or extracting of the non-condensable gas in the respective reservoir.
16. A method of controlling heat being delivered to end users via a heat pipe, the method comprising:
extracting waste heat from a heat source;
transferring the waste heat to a plurality of condensers connected to a variable conductance heat pipe containing a working fluid;
controlling at least one of the plurality of condensers to operate the working fluid to flow to the other plurality of condensers; and
controlling a plurality of reservoirs that are fluidly connected to the plurality of condensers, each reservoir containing a non-condensable gas.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the non-condensable gas expands and contracts due to changes in thermal conditions in the plurality of reservoirs.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein controlling at least one of the plurality of condensers includes changing a volume of one of the plurality of reservoirs.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein changing the volume of one of the plurality of reservoirs includes bellows.
20. The method of claim 16 , wherein controlling at least one of the plurality of condensers includes changing an amount of the non-condensable gas contained in one of the plurality of reservoirs.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the changing the amount of the non-condensable gas includes adding or extracting of the non-condensable gas in one of the plurality of reservoirs.