Flexible patterned piezoceramic composite and manufacturing method thereof
The present invention provides a surface tension assisted film forming method to prepare a flexible, patterned piezoceramic composite for use in a variety of electronics. The present method allows tuning mechanical and piezoelectric properties of the resulting composite by simply adjusting one or few parameters used during the piezoceramic film forming and/or composite forming procedures in the absence of any complex transferring techniques that are commonly used in conventional methods. The present invention also allows customizing patterns (two-dimensional or three-dimensional) on the piezoceramic framework to result in a piezoelectric composite that is able to provide anisotropic piezoelectric responses to different loads whilst still having a constant electrical output over a long-time deformation.
1. A method of preparing a flexible, patterned piezoelectric composite through a surface tension assisted film forming procedure during a sol-gel process, the method comprising:
providing an organic frame having a plurality of voids or cylinders defined by one or more grids thereof;
providing piezoelectric liquids containing piezoelectric materials to form a sol solution;
immersing the organic frame into the sol solution;
removing the organic frame from the sol solution to air such that surface tensions between the piezoelectric liquids and the grids assist retention of the liquids within the voids or cylinders of the organic frame, thereby forming a liquid film;
patterning the liquid film by a mask with a designated pattern under an airflow followed by drying at a first drying temperature to form a gel precursor;
sintering the gel precursor at a sintering temperature to form a piezoceramic film;
adding a curable liquid polymer solution to the piezoceramic film to form a curable liquid polymer matrix;
drying the piezoceramic film with the curable liquid polymer matrix at a second drying temperature to form a polymer-piezoceramic composite.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric liquids are provided by sequentially preparing the following three liquids:
a piezoelectric material sol solution;
a surface-modified piezoelectric powder suspension; and
a piezoelectric material sol-powder suspension.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the piezoelectric material sol solution is prepared by dissolving excessive lead (II) acetate trihydrate into an acetic acid solution, followed by adding zirconium (IV) propoxide and titanium (IV) butoxide into the solution until thoroughly mixed.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the piezoelectric sol-powder suspension is prepared by mixing the surface-modified piezoelectric powder suspension with the piezoelectric material sol solution in a mass ratio to form a well-dispersed piezoelectric material sol-powder suspension.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the surface-modified piezoelectric powder suspension is prepared by respectively adding piezoelectric powders and a surfactant solution comprising polyethyleneimine into water followed by mixing thoroughly such that the piezoelectric powders are surface-modified.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric materials comprise one or more of lead zirconate titanate, barium titanate, barium titanate doped with calcium and zirconium, zinc oxide, and Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) O 3 —PbTiO 3 .
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first drying temperature used to dry the patterned liquid film is about 70° C. or at a temperature that turns the patterned liquid film into gel state.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mask used for the patterning is made of metal.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the designated pattern of the mask is configured to provide either or both of two-dimensional and three-dimensional patterns in the patterning of the liquid film.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sintering temperature is about 1,000° C. for about 2 hours, or at a temperature and for a duration that the organic frame is substantially removed.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic frame is a solid organic frame comprising one or more of nylon, polylactic acid, and polyimide.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second drying temperature is about 70° C. to dry the piezoceramic film with the curable liquid polymer matrix for about 2 hours or at a temperature and for a duration until the polymer-piezoceramic composite is set.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the curable liquid polymer matrix comprises one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, polyimide, thermoplastic polyurethane, styrene ethylene butylene styrene, and polydimethylsiloxane.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the curable liquid polymer matrix is selected from a polyvinylidene fluoride polymer matrix.
15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising coating one or more protective layers and one or more electrodes on the polymer-piezoceramic composite.
16. The method of claim 15 , further applying a high electric field prior to or after coating the one or more protective layers and one or more electrodes on the polymer-piezoceramic composite.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the one or more electrodes comprise copper, silver and gold; the electrodes and/or protective layer is/are coated by sputtering or spin-coating.
18. A piezoelectric composite prepared by the method of claim 1 with an elastic modulus from about 10 kPa to 10 GPa and a relative permittivity of less than 10.
19. A piezoelectric device comprising the piezoelectric composite of claim 18 .