Systems and methods for generation of electrical power at a drilling rig
Embodiments of systems and methods for generating power in the vicinity of a drilling rig are disclosed. During a drilling operation, heat generated by drilling fluid flowing from a borehole, exhaust from an engine, and/or fluid from an engine's water (or other fluid) jacket, for example, may be utilized by corresponding heat exchangers to facilitate heat transfer to a working fluid. The heated working fluid may cause an ORC unit to generate electrical power.
1. A method for generating power in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operation in the vicinity of a drilling rig, the method comprising:
during a drilling operation:
pumping, via a pump driven by an engine at the drilling rig, drilling fluid from a drilling fluid container to a proximal end of a drill pipe, the drilling fluid to flow through an interior of the drill pipe to the distal end, the distal end of the drill pipe connected to a drill bit, the drill bit configured so that rotation of the drill bit forms a borehole in a subsurface and thereby generates a heated drilling fluid from flow of the drilling fluid, the heated drilling fluid to flow up the borehole to a drilling fluid return pipe above the subsurface via an annulus defined by a space between an outer surface of the drill pipe and an inner surface of the borehole;
diverting one or more of: (1) the heated drilling fluid, via a first heat exchanger supply valve, from the drilling fluid return pipe to a first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger connected to a working fluid manifold via a first working fluid flow control device and positioned to transfer heat from the heated drilling fluid to a flow of a first portion of a working fluid, thereby to generate a cooled drilling fluid and a heated first portion of the working fluid, the heated first portion of the working fluid positioned to cause an ORC unit to generate electrical power, (2) exhaust, via a second heat exchanger supply valve, produced by one or more of the engine or one or more additional engines, to a second heat exchanger connected to the working fluid manifold via a second working fluid flow control device, the second heat exchanger positioned to transfer heat from the exhaust to a flow of a second portion of the working fluid to generate a heated second portion of the working fluid, the heat second portion of the working fluid to cause the ORC unit to generate electrical power, or (3) heated coolant, via a third heat exchanger supply valve, from a water jacket associated with one or more of the engine or the one or more additional engines to a third heat exchanger connected to the working fluid manifold via a third working fluid control device, the third heat exchanger to transfer heat from the heated coolant to a flow of a third portion of the working fluid to generate a heated third portion of the working fluid, the heated third portion of the working fluid positioned to cause the ORC unit to generate electrical power;
sensing, via an exhaust inlet sensor, an exhaust thermal mass of the exhaust produced by one or more of the engine or the one or more additional engines;
sensing, via an ambient temperature sensor, an ambient temperature of the drilling rig;
in response to one or more of (1) a determination that the exhaust thermal mass of the exhaust from one or more of the engine or the one or more additional engines is outside of an exhaust thermal mass range, or (2) a determination that an ambient temperature exceeds an engine operating range;
adjusting one or more of (1) the second heat exchanger supply valve configured to (a) partially or fully prevent or (b) allow flow of the exhaust from one or more of the engine or the one or more additional engines to the second heat exchanger, or (2) (a) the second working fluid flow control device or (b) the third working fluid flow control device, thereby to increase an amount of working fluid flowing from the working fluid manifold to one or more of the second heat exchanger or the third heat exchanger; and
returning the cooled drilling fluid to the drilling fluid container.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to returning the cooled drilling fluid to the drilling fluid container:
degassing the cooled drilling fluid; and
removing cuttings included in the cooled drilling fluid from formation of the borehole.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to diversion of the heated drilling fluid:
sensing, via a temperature sensor positioned along the drilling fluid return pipe, a temperature of the heated drilling fluid;
in response to the temperature of the heated drilling fluid being lower than an ORC operating range, adjusting the first heat exchanger supply valve to a closed position to thereby prevent a flow of the heated drilling fluid to the first heat exchanger; and
in response to the temperature of the heated drilling fluid being within an ORC operating range, adjusting the first heat exchanger supply valve to an opened position to thereby divert the flow of the heated drilling fluid to the first heat exchanger.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more additional engines drive generator sets, wherein the generator sets generate a total of about 2 megawatts to about 10 megawatts, and wherein the exhaust from the engine and one or more of the additional engines is about 500° Fahrenheit (F) to about 1200° (F) at about 2000 cubic feet per minute (CFM) to about 20000 CFM.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to transport of the heated coolant to the third heat exchanger:
sensing, via a water jacket inlet temperature sensor, a heated coolant temperature of the flow of heated coolant from the water jacket; and
in response to the heated coolant temperature being outside of a water jacket temperature range, adjusting a water jacket control valve to prevent or allow flow of the heated coolant from the water jacket to the third heat exchanger.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heated coolant is about 165° F. to about 230° F. at about 70 gallons per minute to about 250 gallons per minute.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, in response to a determination that electrical power utilization of a drilling fluid chiller exceeds an operating range, increasing, via the first working fluid flow control device, an amount of working fluid flowing from the working fluid manifold to the first heat exchanger, and wherein the transfer of heat from the heated drilling fluid to the flow of the working fluid extends a time that bottom-hole assembly components are utilized and reduces a total amount of electrical power consumed by the drilling fluid chiller of the drilling rig.
8. A method for generating power based on heat generated at a drilling rig, the method comprising:
during a drilling operation:
receiving, via a return pipe positioned above a subsurface, a heated drilling fluid from a fluid channel defined by a space between an outer surface of a drilling pipe and an inner surface of a borehole;
diverting one or more of: (1) the heated drilling fluid from the drilling fluid return pipe to a first heat exchanger connected to a working fluid manifold via a first working fluid flow control device, the first heat exchanger positioned to transfer heat from the heated drilling fluid to a flow of a first portion of a working fluid, thereby to generate a cooled drilling fluid and a heated first portion of working fluid positioned to cause an ORC unit to generate electrical power, (2) exhaust produced by one or more of an engine or one or more additional engines to a second heat exchanger connected to the working fluid manifold via a second working fluid flow control device, the second heat exchanger positioned to transfer heat from the exhaust to a flow of a second portion of the working fluid, thereby to generate a heated second portion of the working fluid, the heated second portion of the working fluid positioned to cause the ORC unit to generate electrical power, and (3) heated coolant from a water jacket associated with one or more of the engine or the one or more of additional engines to a third heat exchanger connected to the working fluid manifold via a third working fluid flow control device, the third heat exchanger to transfer heat from the heated coolant to a flow of a third portion of the working fluid, thereby to generate a heated third portion of the working fluid, the heated third portion of the working fluid positioned to cause the ORC unit to generate electrical power;
sensing, via an exhaust inlet sensor, an exhaust thermal mass of the exhaust produced by one or more of the engine or the one or more additional engines;
determining electrical power utilized by a drilling fluid chiller;
in response to one or more of (1) a determination that the exhaust thermal mass of the exhaust from one or more of the engine or the one or more additional engines is outside of an exhaust thermal mass range, or (2) a determination that the electrical power utilization of the drilling fluid chiller exceeds an operating range;
adjusting one or more of (1) an exhaust control valve configured to (a) partially or fully prevent or (b) allow flow of the exhaust from one or more of the engine or the one or more additional engines to the second heat exchanger, or (2) the first working fluid flow control device to increase an amount of the first portion of the working fluid flowing from the working fluid manifold to the first heat exchanger, thereby to extend a time that bottom-hole assembly components are utilized and to reduce a total amount of electrical power consumed by the drilling fluid chiller of the drilling rig; and
returning the cooled drilling fluid to a drilling fluid container.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the drilling rig is one of an on-shore drilling rig or off-shore drilling rig, wherein the electrical power is one of direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) power, and wherein the electrical power is supplied to one or more of on-site drilling rig equipment, an electrical grid, or an energy storage device.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein on-site equipment at the drilling rig utilizes the electrical power, and wherein the utilization of the electrical power by the on-site equipment reduces total fuel usage of the drilling rig during the drilling operation.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the electrical power is supplied to on-site drilling rig equipment during peak drilling operation hours, and wherein the electrical power is supplied to one or more of an electrical grid, an energy storage device, cryptocurrency miners, or drilling fluid chillers during off-peak drilling operation hours.
12. A method for generating power in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operation in the vicinity of a drilling rig, the method comprising:
during a drilling operation:
pumping, via a pump driven by an engine at the drilling rig, drilling fluid from a drilling fluid container to a proximal end of a drill pipe, the drilling fluid to flow through an interior of the drill pipe to the distal end, the distal end of the drill pipe connected to a drill bit, the drill bit configured so that rotation of the drill bit forms a borehole in a subsurface and thereby generates a heated drilling fluid from flow of the drilling fluid, the heated drilling fluid to flow up the borehole to a drilling fluid return pipe above the subsurface via an annulus defined by a space between an outer surface of the drill pipe and an inner surface of the borehole;
receiving, via a return pipe positioned above the subsurface, the heated drilling fluid;
sensing, via a return pipe temperature sensor, a temperature of the heated drilling fluid in the return pipe;
sensing one or more of: (1) a temperature of a flow of a first portion of a working fluid, via a first working fluid temperature sensor, from a first heat exchanger connected to a working fluid manifold via a first working fluid flow control device, the flow of the first portion of the working fluid to flow through the first heat exchanger, the first heat exchanger connected to the return pipe via a first heat exchanger valve and positioned to allow the heated drilling fluid to flow therethrough, the first heat exchanger to facilitate transfer of heat from heated drilling fluid to the flow of the first portion of the working fluid, thereby to generate a cooled drilling fluid and a heated first portion of the working fluid, the heated first portion of the working fluid positioned to cause an ORC unit to generate electrical power or, (2) a temperature of a flow of a second portion of the working fluid, via a second working fluid temperature sensor, from a second heat exchanger connected to the working fluid manifold via a second working fluid flow control device, the flow of the second portion of the working fluid to flow through the second heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger to facilitate transfer of heat from exhaust to the flow of the second portion of the working fluid, thereby to generate a heated second portion of the working fluid, the heated second portion of the working fluid positioned to cause the ORC unit to generate electrical power;
sensing, via an exhaust inlet sensor, an exhaust thermal mass of the exhaust produced by one or more of the engine or one or more additional engines;
determining electrical power utilized by a drilling fluid chiller; and
in response to one or more of (1) a determination that the temperature of heated drilling fluid in the return pipe is greater than or equal to a threshold, (2) a determination that one or more of the temperature of the flow of the first portion of the working fluid or the temperature of the flow of the second portion of the working fluid are within an operating range, (3) a determination that the exhaust thermal mass of the exhaust from one or more of the engines or the one or more additional engines is outside of an exhaust thermal mass range, or (4) a determination that the electrical power utilization of the drilling fluid chiller exceeds an operating range:
adjusting one or more of (1) a first heat exchanger supply valve to allow continuous diversion of the heated drilling fluid to the first heat exchanger, (2) a second heat exchanger supply valve configured to (a) partially or fully prevent or (b) allow flow of the exhaust from one or more of the engine or the one or more additional engines to the second heat exchanger, or (3) ( a ) the first working fluid flow control device or (b) the second working fluid flow control device, thereby to increase an amount of one or more of the first portion of the working fluid flowing from the working fluid manifold to the first heat exchanger or the second portion of the working fluid flowing from the working fluid manifold to the second heat exchanger; and
returning the cooled drilling fluid to the drilling fluid container.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein (1) the determination that the temperature of heated drilling fluid in the return pipe is greater than or equal to a threshold and (2) the determination that the temperature of one or more of the flow of the first portion of the working fluid from the first heat exchanger or the flow of the second portion of the working fluid from the second heat exchanger are within an operating range each occur at pre-selected time intervals.