Purge system for a hydrogen fuel system
A hydrogen fuel system including a fuel delivery assembly, a purge gas source, and a vent. The fuel delivery assembly is configured to receive hydrogen fuel from a hydrogen fuel source and to provide the hydrogen fuel from the hydrogen fuel source to a power generator. The purge gas source is fluidly coupled to the fuel delivery assembly and configured to provide a purge gas to the fuel delivery assembly. The vent is fluidly coupled to the fuel delivery assembly and configured to vent hydrogen fuel from the fuel delivery assembly when the purge gas is provided to the fuel delivery assembly.
1 . A hydrogen fuel system for providing hydrogen to a power generator, the hydrogen fuel system comprising:
a fuel input array;
a fuel delivery assembly configured to receive hydrogen fuel in a liquid phase from a hydrogen fuel source and to provide the hydrogen fuel from the hydrogen fuel source to the fuel input array;
at least one vaporizer in communication with the fuel delivery assembly, the at least one vaporizer being configured to heat the hydrogen fuel in the liquid phase to at least one of a gaseous phase or a supercritical phase;
a fuel metering unit positioned upstream of the fuel input array, the fuel metering unit being adjustable to change a volume of fuel provided to the fuel input array;
a purge gas source;
a purge gas delivery assembly fluidly coupling the purge gas source to the fuel delivery assembly at a plurality of positions including a first position and a second position, the first position being upstream of the at least one vaporizer;
a purge gas pump located in the purge gas delivery assembly and configured to provide a purge gas from the purge gas source to the fuel delivery assembly at the plurality of positions;
a vent fluidly coupled to the fuel delivery assembly and configured to vent hydrogen fuel from the fuel delivery assembly when the purge gas is provided to the fuel delivery assembly, the vent being fluidly coupled to the fuel delivery assembly at a connection position, the connection position being upstream of the fuel input array and downstream of the fuel metering unit;
a vent valve positionable to fluidly couple the vent to the fuel delivery assembly and close off a portion of the hydrogen fuel system downstream of the connection position;
an ambient air valve located between the fuel input array and ambient air downstream of the fuel input array and configured to prevent a flow of the ambient air into the fuel delivery assembly;
a purge gas backflow valve, wherein the purge gas source is fluidly coupled to the fuel delivery assembly at the second position, which is downstream of the vent valve and upstream of the fuel input array, and is configured to provide the purge gas to the fuel delivery assembly between the fuel input array and the vent valve and the purge gas backflow valve is located in the fuel delivery assembly to prevent back flow from the fuel delivery assembly to the purge gas delivery assembly; and
a controller operatively connected to the purge gas pump and one or more valves including one or more of the vent valve, the ambient air valve, or the purge gas backflow valve, the controller being configured to operate the purge gas pump and adjust the one or more valves to entrap purge gas, as a buffer, between the connection position and the fuel input array.
2 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 1 , wherein the purge gas is one of a noble gas, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, or a fire suppressant.
3 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel delivery assembly includes a double-walled pipe having an inner wall and an outer wall, the inner wall defining a hydrogen fuel flow path, the outer wall circumscribing the inner wall and defining an outer flow path between the inner wall and the outer wall, the outer flow path being fluidly coupled to the purge gas source to receive the purge gas and configured to direct the purge gas flow therethrough.
4 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 3 , wherein the outer flow path is fluidly coupled to the vent to vent the purge gas flowing through the outer flow path.
5 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel delivery assembly includes a triple-walled pipe having an inner wall, an outer wall, and a middle wall, the inner wall defining a hydrogen fuel flow path, the middle wall circumscribing the inner wall and defining a cavity between the inner wall and the middle wall, the outer wall circumscribing the middle wall and the inner wall, and defining an outer flow path between the inner wall and the outer wall, the outer flow path being fluidly coupled to the purge gas source to receive the purge gas and configured to direct the purge gas flow therethrough.
6 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 5 , wherein the outer flow path is fluidly coupled to the vent to vent the purge gas flowing from the outer flow path.
7 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 1 , further one or more diverter valves fluidly coupling the purge gas delivery assembly to the fuel delivery assembly.
8 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 7 , wherein each diverter valve of the one or more diverter valves includes a first position and a second position,
wherein, in the first position, the diverter valve allows hydrogen fuel to flow through the fuel delivery assembly, and
wherein, in the second position, the diverter valve closes off a portion of the hydrogen fuel system and fluidly couples the purge gas source to the fuel delivery assembly.
9 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 1 , further comprising a vent line fluidly connecting the fuel delivery assembly to the vent.
10 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 9 , further comprising a flame arrestor positioned in the vent line proximate to the vent.
11 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 9 , wherein the vent valve is a diverter valve fluidly coupling the fuel delivery assembly to the vent line, the diverter valve including a first position and a second position,
wherein, in the first position, the diverter valve allows hydrogen fuel to flow through the fuel delivery assembly, and
wherein, in the second position, the diverter valve closes off the portion of the hydrogen fuel system downstream of the connection position and fluidly couples the fuel delivery assembly to the vent line.
12 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 1 , wherein the purge gas delivery assembly is selectively fluidly coupled to the fuel delivery assembly at a plurality of positions upstream of the vent valve.
13 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 1 , wherein the purge gas backflow valve is a check valve positioned between the purge gas source and the fuel delivery assembly, the check valve being configured to allow the purge gas to flow into the fuel delivery assembly and to prevent back flow from the fuel delivery assembly into the purge gas source.
14 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 1 , further comprising a fuel tank configured to hold the hydrogen fuel in a liquid phase, the fuel tank being the hydrogen fuel source, the at least one vaporizer being located between the fuel tank and the fuel input array.
15 . An aircraft comprising:
the hydrogen fuel system of claim 14 ,
wherein the power generator is a gas turbine engine.
16 . An aircraft comprising a fuselage and the hydrogen fuel system of claim 1 , wherein the vent includes a vent opening and the vent opening is located on the fuselage.
17 . An aircraft comprising:
the hydrogen fuel system of claim 1 ,
wherein the power generator is a gas turbine engine, and
wherein the vent includes a vent opening, the vent opening being located on an exterior surface of the gas turbine engine.
18 . The hydrogen fuel system of claim 12 , wherein the purge gas delivery assembly is fluidly coupled to the fuel delivery assembly at a third position, the third position being a position downstream of the at least one vaporizer.