Scintillation compound including a rare earth element and a process of forming the same
A scintillation compound can include a rare earth element that is in a divalent (RE 2+ ) or a tetravalent state (RE 4+ ). The scintillation compound can include another element to allow for better change balance. The other element may be a principal constituent of the scintillation compound or may be a dopant or a co-dopant. In an embodiment, a metal element in a trivalent state (M 3+ ) may be replaced by RE 4+ and a metal element in a divalent state (M 2+ ). In another embodiment, M 3+ may be replaced by RE 2+ and M 4+ . In a further embodiment, M 2+ may be replaced by a RE 3+ and a metal element in a monovalent state (M 1+ ). The metal element used for electronic charge balance may have a single valance state, rather than a plurality of valence states, to help reduce the likelihood that the valance state would change during formation of the scintillation compound.
1. A scintillation compound comprising a cerium-doped rare-earth silicate, wherein the cerium-doped rare-earth silicate is a scintillation material, and wherein an absorbance of the scintillation material at a wavelength of 357 nm is less than an absorbance of the scintillation material at 280 nm.
2. The scintillation compound of claim 1 , wherein any rare earth other than cerium included in the material being one or more elements chosen from the group comprising: Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu and wherein the scintillation compound is used within a radiation detection apparatus, a positron emission tomography scanner, a laser device, or an optical storage device.
3. The scintillation compound of claim 1 , wherein the scintillation compound has an afterglow of less than 200 ppm after 100 ms relative to the intensity measured during an X-ray irradiation.
4. The scintillation compound of claim 3 , wherein cerium representing 0.005 mol % to 20 mol % of all the rare earths included in the scintillation compound, any rare earth other than cerium included in the material being one or more elements chosen from the group comprising: Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu.
5. The scintillation compound of claim 4 , wherein the scintillation compound is codoped with a divalent alkaline earth M or a trivalent metal M′.
6. The scintillation compound of claim 5 , wherein the mass of codopant in the scintillation compound is less than the mass of cerium in the scintillation compound.
7. The scintillation compound of claim 6 , wherein the scintillation compound has color coordinates in the CIELAB space, obtained by transmission measurement using a 1 mm thick sample having both sides polished and parallel, such that L* is greater than 93 and at most equal to 100, b* lies in the range from 0 to 0.4 and a* lies in the range from −0.1 to +0.1.
8. The scintillation compound of claim 5 , wherein the proportion of M′ is between 0.005 mol % to 25 mol % of a sum of the moles of silicon and of the trivalent metal codopant.
9. The scintillation compound of claim 5 , wherein a ratio of the rare earth element in the tetravalent state to the dopant M is at least approximately 1:90.
10. The scintillator compound of claim 5 , wherein M is Ca.
11. A scintillation compound comprising a rare earth element in a tetravalent state at a concentration of at least approximately 10 ppm atomic of the scintillation compound, wherein the scintillation compound is a rare earth silicate compound.