Curative
A curative for epoxidized plant-based oils and epoxidized natural rubber is created from the reaction between a naturally occurring polyfunctional acid and an epoxidized plant-based oil is disclosed. The curative may be used to produce at least one of six different materials, wherein each type of material may be configured as a thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages. The materials may be configured as a leather-like material, a foam material, a molded elastomer, a coating, an adhesive, and/or a rigid or semi-rigid material. Illustrative articles made from any combination of the six materials may be recycled using a mechano-chemical process to de-crosslink the thermosetting elastomer.
1. A footwear article comprising:
a. a first material comprising a thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said first material is defined as being a leather-like material with a glass transition temperature below room temperature, wherein said first material is planar having a thickness between about 0.3 mm and 2.5 mm;
b. a second material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said second material is defined as being a foam material with a glass transition temperature not greater than about 25 C and a density less than 0.7 g/cc; and,
c. a third material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said third material is defined as being a molded elastomer material with a glass transition temperature not greater than about 25 C, wherein said third material is three-dimensional in shape, wherein said first material is bonded to said second material or said third material, and wherein said second material is bonded to said first material or said third material.
2. The footwear article according to claim 1 further comprising a fourth material, said fourth material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said fourth material is defined as being a coating material with a glass transition temperature below room temperature, wherein said fourth material has a thickness from 10 to 100 microns, wherein said fourth material is bonded to said first, said second, or said third material.
3. The footwear article according to claim 2 further comprising a fifth material, said fifth material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said fifth material is defined as being an adhesive material with a glass transition temperature below room temperature, wherein said fifth material has a thickness of 1 mm or less, and wherein said fifth material is positioned between and bonded to said first material and said second material, said first material and said third material, said first material and said fourth material, said second material and said third material, said second material and said fourth material, or said third material and said fourth material.
4. The footwear article according to claim 3 further comprising a sixth material, said sixth material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said sixth material is defined as being a rigid or semi-rigid material with a glass transition temperature greater than room temperature, wherein said sixth material is substantially non-crystalline in structure, wherein said sixth material is bonded to said first, said second, said third, said fourth, or said fifth material.
5. The footwear article according to claim 4 wherein said sixth material is further defined as a rigid or semi-rigid component of the footwear article.
6. The article according to claim 1 wherein said thermosetting elastomer is substantially the reaction product between a naturally occurring polyfunctional carboxylic acid and an epoxidized triglyceride.
7. The footwear article according to claim 1 wherein a crosslinking with β-hydroxyester linkages of said thermosetting elastomer is effected using a reaction product between a naturally occurring polyfunctional carboxylic acid and an epoxidized triglyceride.
8. The footwear article according to claim 1 wherein said first material is further defined as an upper of said footwear article.
9. The footwear article according to claim 8 wherein said second material is further defined as a midsole of said footwear article, and wherein said third material is further defined as an outsole of said footwear article.
10. The footwear article according to claim 1 wherein said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages is further defined as being capable of de-crosslinking of said β-hydroxyester linkages via a mechano-chemical process.
11. The footwear article according to claim 1 wherein said first material further comprises a backing layer bonded to said thermosetting elastomer.
12. The footwear article according to claim 11 wherein said back layer is further defined as a fabric.
13. A footwear article comprising:
a. a first material comprising a thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said first material is defined as being a leather-like material with a glass transition temperature generally below room temperature, wherein said first material is planar having a thickness between about 0.3 mm and 2.5 mm;
b. a second material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said second material is defined as being a foam material with a glass transition temperature not greater than about 25 C and a density less than 0.7 g/cc, and wherein said foam material comprises a midsole of said footwear article; and,
c. a third material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said third material is defined as being a molded elastomer material with a glass transition temperature not greater than about 25 C, wherein said third material is three-dimensional in shape, wherein said first material is bonded to said second material or said third material, wherein said second material is bonded to said first material or said third material, and wherein said molded elastomer material comprises an outsole of said footwear article.
14. The footwear article according to claim 13 further comprising a fourth material, said fourth material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said fourth material is defined as being a coating material with a glass transition temperature below room temperature, wherein said fourth material has a thickness from 10 to 100 microns, wherein said fourth material is bonded to said first, said second, or said third material.
15. The footwear article according to claim 14 further comprising a fifth material, said fifth material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said fifth material is defined as being an adhesive material with a glass transition temperature below room temperature, wherein said fifth material has a thickness of 1 mm or less, and wherein said fifth material is positioned between and bonded to said first material and said second material, said first material and said third material, said first material and said fourth material, said second material and said third material, said second material and said fourth material, or said third material and said fourth material.
16. The footwear article according to claim 15 further comprising a sixth material, said sixth material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said sixth material is defined as being a rigid or semi-rigid material with a glass transition temperature greater than room temperature, wherein said sixth material is substantially non-crystalline in structure, wherein said sixth material is bonded to said first, said second, said third, said fourth, or said fifth material.
17. An article comprising:
a. a first material comprising a thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said first material is cured with the reaction product between a naturally occurring polyfunctional carboxylic acid and an epoxidized triglyceride, wherein said first material is defined as being a leather-like material with a glass transition temperature generally below room temperature, wherein said first material is planar having a thickness between about 0.3 mm and 2.5 mm;
b. a second material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said second material is defined as being a foam material with a glass transition temperature not greater than about 25 C and a density less than 0.7 g/cc; and,
c. a third material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said third material is defined as being a molded elastomer material with a glass transition temperature not greater than about 25 C, wherein said third material is three-dimensional in shape, wherein said first material is bonded to said second material or said third material, and wherein said second material is bonded to said first material or said third material.
18. The article according to claim 17 further comprising a fourth material, said fourth material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said fourth material is defined as being a coating material with a glass transition temperature below room temperature, wherein said fourth material has a thickness from 10 to 100 microns, wherein said fourth material is bonded to said first, said second, or said third material.
19. The article according to claim 18 further comprising a fifth material, said fifth material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said fifth material is defined as being an adhesive material with a glass transition temperature below room temperature, wherein said fifth material has a thickness of 1 mm or less, and wherein said fifth material is positioned between and bonded to said first material and said second material, said first material and said third material, said first material and said fourth material, said second material and said third material, said second material and said fourth material, or said third material and said fourth material.
20. The article according to claim 19 further comprising a sixth material, said sixth material comprising said thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages, wherein said sixth material is defined as being a rigid or semi-rigid material with a glass transition temperature greater than room temperature, wherein said sixth material is substantially non-crystalline in structure, wherein said sixth material is bonded to said first, said second, said third, said fourth, or said fifth material.