System for evaluating hardware

1. A system for characterizing a multiport autonomous reconfigurable solar (MARS) power plant to be formed from a plurality of power-electronic modules electrically connected in series to adjacent ones along one or more arms, each arm comprising one or more photovoltaic (PV) modules to be electrically connected to corresponding PV panels associated with the MARS power plant, one or more energy-storage system (ESS) modules to be electrically connected to energy storage associated with the MARS power plant, and at least one additional module different from both a PV module and an ESS module, the characterizing of the MARS power plant being performed using only a test module from among the one or more PV modules or the one or more ESS modules or the one or more additional modules, wherein the test module includes an input port and an output port, and wherein if the test module were operated as part of the MARS power plant, then an arm current through the test module would have predetermined current values, and a module voltage at the output port of the test module would have predetermined voltage values, the system comprising:

amplifier circuitry configured to:

electrically connect to the test module and, when connected to the test module,

output an amplifier current corresponding to the predetermined current values of the arm current, and

output, when providing the amplifier current to the test module, an amplifier voltage corresponding to the predetermined voltage values of, and being out of phase with, the module voltage.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the amplifier circuitry includes:

current source circuitry including an H-bridge;

filtering circuitry electrically connected at outputs of the current source circuitry and configured to filter harmonics produced by the H-bridge;

module-voltage cancelation circuitry electrically connected to a first output of the filtering circuitry and configured to cause the amplifier voltage to correspond to the predetermined voltage values of, and to be out of phase with, the module voltage; and

a first stress inductor electrically connected between the output of the module-voltage cancelation circuitry and a first output of the amplifier circuitry; and

a second stress inductor electrically connected between a second output of the filtering circuitry and a second output of the amplifier circuitry.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein, when the test module includes a PV module that includes a front-end half bridge and a dc/dc converter, the module-voltage cancelation circuitry includes a corresponding front-end half bridge and a corresponding dc/dc converter.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the amplifier circuitry includes gate-driver circuitry configured to drive gates of the H-bridge, gates of the front-end half bridge, and gates of the dc/dc converter.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the amplifier circuitry includes:

controller circuitry configured to control the gate-driver circuitry based on a current signal corresponding to the arm current to cause currents at the outputs of the current source circuitry to follow the arm current.

6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the amplifier circuitry includes sensing circuitry communicatively coupled to the controller circuitry and configured to:

measure the current through the outputs of the current source circuitry and a voltage in the filtering circuitry, and

feedback values of the measured current and voltage to the controller circuitry.

7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the controller circuitry is communicatively coupled with a signal generator and configured to receive from the signal generator the current signal corresponding to the arm current.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the MARS power plant includes:

hundreds of identical PV modules,

hundreds of identical ESS modules, or

hundreds of the additional modules.

9. An evaluation system for evaluating a power electronics module, the power electronics module capable of receiving power and generating a high-voltage output, the power electronics module operable, in a power system separate from the evaluation system, to generate and receive power in conjunction with a plurality of power electronics modules, the evaluation system comprising:

a current source operable to supply current to the power electronics module, the current source configured to direct power received from a first power source to the power electronics module, the current source including a source output configured for operation below a voltage threshold that is less than the high-voltage output of the power electronics module;

a controller operably coupled to the current source, the controller operable to direct supply of current to the power-electronics module; and

switching circuitry operably coupled to the current source and the power-electronics module, the switching circuitry operable to sink power produced by the power-electronics module into a second power source in order to maintain the source output at a voltage below the voltage threshold.

10. The evaluation system of claim 9 wherein the switching circuitry is configured to generate power, and wherein the power-electronics module is operable to sink power generated by the switching circuitry.

11. The evaluation system of claim 9 wherein:

the power electronics module is operable to generate a module voltage at the high-voltage output; and

the switching circuitry configured to generate an anti-module voltage that is out of phase with the module voltage.

12. The evaluation system of claim 11 wherein the anti-module voltage substantially cancels the module voltage of the power electronics module, and wherein the power output from the power electronics module is provided to the second power source.

13. The evaluation system of claim 9 wherein the first and second power sources are different.

14. The evaluation system of claim 9 wherein the second power source is a bidirectional power source.

15. The evaluation system of claim 9 wherein the current source includes inverter circuitry operable to supply current to the power electronics module via the source output at a source frequency and a source phase, wherein the current provided via the source output is based on a voltage output from the inverter circuitry and an impedance seen by the source output.

16. The evaluation system of claim 15 wherein the switching circuitry is operable to prevent the power electronics module from substantially affecting the impedance seen by the source output irrespective of whether the power electronics module is receiving or generating power.

17. A module switching system operable to cancel voltage and sink power output from a power electronics module, the power electronics module configured to receive current from a current source via a source output of the current source, the current source configured for operation below a voltage threshold that is less than a high-voltage output of the power electronics module, the module switching system comprising:

switching circuitry configured to be coupled to the current source and the power-electronics module, the switching circuitry operable to sink power produced by the power-electronics module into a power source, the switching circuitry operable in a first mode to maintain the source output at a voltage below the voltage threshold, wherein the power electronics module is generating voltage greater than the voltage threshold in the first mode; and

a controller operably coupled to the switching circuitry, the controller operable to direct the switching circuitry, in the first mode, to direct power from the power electronics module to the power source.

18. The module switching system of claim 17 wherein the switching circuitry is configured to generate power, and wherein the power-electronics module is operable to sink power generated by the switching circuitry.

19. The module switching system of claim 17 wherein the controller is operable to direct the switching circuitry, in the first mode, to maintain the source output of the current source at a voltage below the voltage threshold.

20. The module switching system of claim 17 wherein the switching circuitry is operable in a second mode to allow the current source to provide current to the power electronics module.

21. The module switching system of claim 17 wherein the switching circuitry is operable to generate an anti-module voltage that is out of phase with voltage that is generated by the power electronics module.

22. The module switching system of claim 17 wherein the switching circuitry is a dc-dc converter operable to sink power generated by the power electronics module into the power source.