Gated ring oscillator with constant dynamic power consumption
A pure digital ring oscillator with constant power consumption as oscillation frequency is adjusted. Circuit topology includes a multiplexer implemented in NAND gates and a delay element positioned after a path selection NAND gate of that multiplexer such that delay element transistors may not toggle if the non-delaying signal path is selected. Assuming a delay element oscillation frequency f and a total capacitance C, and also assuming a plurality N of delay gates each characterized by a propagation delay t1 and a capacitance C1 such that C=C1*N, the ring oscillator of the present invention is characterized by a C value that is proportional to N and an f value that is inversely proportional to N. Furthermore, each of the N delay gates as well as the input and output gates of the multiplexer are characterized by a common capacitance-to-propagation delay ratio=C1/t1.
1. A ring oscillator comprising:
a plurality of logic gates each of a common circuit type characterized by a common propagation delay t1 and a common capacitance C1 through a first input port of a plurality of input ports, the plurality of logic gates configured as
a multiplexer comprising a first input gate, a second input gate, and an output gate of the plurality of logic gates, and configured to define a non-delayed circuit path along the respective first input ports of the second input gate and of the output gate;
a delay element comprising an even number of the plurality of logic gates positioned in series and configured to define a delayed circuit path along the respective first input ports of the first input gate of the multiplexer, of the even number of logic gates, and of the output gate of the multiplexer; and
a selection line operable to switch, at an oscillation frequency f, an input signal between the delayed circuit path and the non-delayed circuit path;
wherein a total capacitance C of the plurality of logic gates is proportional to a sum of the plurality of logic gates, defining a delay gate count N, and the oscillation frequency f is inversely proportional to the delay gate count N; and
wherein each of the plurality of logic gates is characterized by a common capacitance-to-propagation delay ratio C1/t1.
2. The ring oscillator according to claim 1 wherein the even number plurality of logic gates further comprise a logic gate count of one of two (2), four (4), eight (8), and sixteen (16).
3. The ring oscillator according to claim 1 wherein the common circuit type is a NAND gate circuit type.
4. The ring oscillator according to claim 3 wherein the delay element is further configured to transmit an output signal both to the output gate in the delayed circuit path and to a dummy NAND gate of the plurality of logic gates.
5. The ring oscillator according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of input ports of the common circuit type consists of two input ports including the first input port.
6. A ring oscillator comprising:
a plurality of nested delay stages each comprising:
a plurality of logic gates each characterized by a common circuit type having a common propagation delay t1 and a common capacitance C1 through a first input port of a plurality of input ports, the plurality of logic gates configured as
a multiplexer comprising a first input gate, a second input gate, and an output gate of the plurality of logic gates, and configured to define a non-delayed circuit path along the respective first input ports of the second input gate and of the output gate;
a delay element comprising an even number of the plurality of logic gates positioned in series and configured to define a delayed circuit path along the respective first input ports of the first input gate of the multiplexer, of the even number of logic gates, and of the output gate of the multiplexer; and
a selection line operable to switch, at an oscillation frequency f, an input signal between the delayed circuit path and the non-delayed circuit path;
wherein a total capacitance C of the plurality of logic gates is proportional to a sum of the plurality of logic gates, defining a delay gate count N, and the oscillation frequency f is inversely proportional to the delay gate count N; and
wherein each of the plurality of logic gates is characterized by a common capacitance-to-propagation delay ratio C1/t1; and
wherein the plurality of nested delay stages is configured in electrical communication and in series such that a system output signal of a last-in-series of the plurality of nested delay stages is fed back into a first-in-series of the plurality of nested delay stages.
7. The ring oscillator according to claim 6 wherein the even number plurality of logic gates further comprises a delay gate count of one of two (2), four (4), eight (8), and sixteen (16).
8. The ring oscillator according to claim 6 wherein the common circuit type is a NAND gate circuit type.
9. The ring oscillator according to claim 8 wherein the delay element is further configured to transmit an output signal both to the output gate in the delayed circuit path and to a dummy NAND gate of the plurality of logic gates.
10. The ring oscillator according to claim 6 wherein at least one of the plurality of nested delay stages is of a 2-to-1 multiplexer type.
11. A method of manufacturing a ring oscillator, comprising the steps of:
determining a required oscillation frequency f;
determining a plurality N of logic gates each of a common circuit type characterized by a common propagation delay t1 and a common capacitance C1 through a first input port of a plurality of input ports, and by a common capacitance-to-propagation delay ratio C1/t1, wherein a total capacitance C of the plurality N of logic gates is proportional to N and wherein the required oscillation frequency f is inversely proportional to N;
assembling a multiplexer comprising a first input gate, a second input gate, and an output gate of the plurality N of logic gates, to define a non-delayed circuit path through the respective first input ports of the second input gate and of the output gate;
assembling a delay element comprising an even number of the plurality N of logic gates positioned in series, to define a delayed circuit path along the respective first input ports of the first input gate of the multiplexer, of the even number of logic gates, and of the output gate of the multiplexer; and
electrically connecting a selection line operable to switch, at the oscillation frequency f, an input signal between the delayed circuit path and the non-delayed circuit path.
12. The method according to claim 11 wherein the common circuit type is a NAND gate circuit type.
13. The method according to claim 12 wherein assembling the first delay element further comprises assembling a last-in-series of the even number plurality N logic gates in electrical communication both with a first input port of a dummy NAND gate of the plurality of logic gates and with the first input port of the output gate of the multiplexer.