Traffic signal response for autonomous vehicles

1. A method of controlling a vehicle having an autonomous driving mode, the method comprising:

determining, by one or more processors, a first distance from the vehicle to an intersection;

determining, by the one or more processors, a first state of a traffic signal when the vehicle is the first distance from the intersection;

determining, by the one or more processors, using a speed characteristic of the vehicle, whether the vehicle will be located at the second distance past a starting point of the intersection when the traffic light transitions to a second state; and

controlling, by the one or more processors, the vehicle through the intersection in the autonomous driving mode based on the determination of whether the vehicle will be located at the second distance past the starting point of the intersection.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein as the first distance from the vehicle to the intersection decreases, the second distance past the starting point of the intersection also decreases.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first state includes the traffic signal having an illuminated yellow light.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the second state includes the traffic signal having an illuminated red light, and wherein controlling the vehicle through the intersection includes stopping the vehicle before the intersection.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling the vehicle through the intersection includes proceeding through the intersection without stopping the vehicle.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein controlling the vehicle through the intersection is further based on how much braking power would be required to stop the vehicle by the intersection based on the distance and a current speed of the vehicle.

7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising comparing the braking power to a threshold value to determine whether the vehicle should proceed through the intersection without stopping, and wherein controlling the vehicle through the intersection is further based on the determination of whether the vehicle should proceed through the intersection without stopping.

8. The method of claim 6 , wherein when the comparison indicates that the braking power is greater than the threshold value, controlling the vehicle through the intersection includes proceeding through the intersection without stopping the vehicle.

9. The method of claim 6 , wherein when the comparison indicates that the braking power is less than the threshold value, controlling the vehicle through the intersection includes stopping the vehicle before the intersection.

10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising identifying a time when the traffic signal will change state, and wherein controlling the vehicle through the intersection is further based on the time when the traffic signal will change state.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second state is different from the first state.

12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising identifying a length of time that the traffic signal will remain in the first state, and wherein determining whether the vehicle will be located at the second distance past the starting point of the intersection is further based on the length of time.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the length of time is received from a device remote from the vehicle.

14. The method of claim 12 , further comprising determining when the traffic light will transition to the second state based on the length of time.

15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the length of time is based on a default estimation time.

16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the length of time is based on a speed limit for a road on which the vehicle is traveling.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the speed characteristic includes a current speed profile for controlling the vehicle, and wherein the current speed profile identifies an expected future speed of the vehicle.

18. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining, by the one or more processors, the current speed profile based on a combination of a road speed limit, curvature along a trajectory of the vehicle, minimum and maximum acceleration the vehicle can execute, and smoothness of acceleration.

19. A system for controlling a vehicle having an autonomous driving mode, the system comprising one or more processors configured to:

determine a first distance from the vehicle to an intersection;

determine a first state of a traffic signal when the vehicle is the first distance from the intersection;

determine, using a speed characteristic of the vehicle, whether the vehicle will be located at the second distance past a certain location within the intersection when the traffic light transitions to the second state; and

control the vehicle through the intersection in the autonomous driving mode based on the determination of whether the vehicle will be located at the second distance past the certain location within the intersection.

20. The system of claim 19 , wherein the first state includes the traffic signal having an illuminated yellow light, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to control the vehicle to proceed through the intersection without stopping the vehicle.

21. The system of claim 19 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to control the vehicle through the intersection further based on how much braking power would be required to stop the vehicle by the intersection based on the first distance and a current speed of the vehicle.

22. The system of claim 19 , further comprising the vehicle.