Methods and system for evaluating and maintaining disinfectant levels in a potable water supply
A method of determining a disinfectant composition of a municipal water supply from a water sample that includes: (a) obtaining a water sample from a water source at a sampling location; (b) adding a chlorine-containing material to the water sample in the presence of an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) measurement device; (c) generating a plurality of ORP measurements during addition of the chlorine-containing material to the water sample; (d) estimating a concentration of one or more of free ammonia, fully combined ammonia, monochloramine, or a mixture of dichloroamine and trichloroamine in the water sample in which the estimation is derived from the relationship between the added chlorine material and the plurality of ORP measurements; and (e) determining a disinfectant composition of the water source at the water sampling location from the concentration calculation. A method of determining free ammonia composition is also included.
1. A system for maintaining a disinfectant level of a potable water supply comprising:
a. a water quality assessment module comprising:
i. a plurality of sensors comprising at least an oxidation reduction potential sensor; and
ii. a control module in operational engagement with the plurality of sensors;
b. a water supply intended for delivery as potable water to a consumer;
c. a water sampling device comprising a fluid delivery means configured to provide a sample of water derived from the water supply to the water quality assessment module;
d. a chlorine feed source and an ammonia feed source, wherein each of the chlorine feed source and the ammonia feed source are independently:
i. in operational engagement with the water quality assessment module; and
ii. in fluid communication with the water supply,
wherein the system is configured to measure and adjust a chloramination level and a free ammonia level of the water supply prior to delivery of the water supply as potable water to the consumer,
wherein the water quality assessment module is configured to estimate a concentration of one or more of free ammonia, fully combined ammonia, monochloramine or a mixture of dichloroamine and trichloroamine in the sample of water, wherein the estimation is derived from a relationship between a chlorine-containing material added to the sample of water and a plurality of oxidation reduction potential measurements generated during addition of the chlorine-containing material, and
wherein the water quality assessment module is configured to determine a disinfectant composition of the water supply based upon the concentration estimation.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the water quality assessment module is configured to provide information regarding at least the disinfectant level of the water supply.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the water supply is maintained in a water storage tank.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the water storage tank includes a mixing module.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the water sampling device further comprises a pump.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein a volume of the sample of water provided by the fluid delivery means is known.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors further comprise a pH sensor and a temperature sensor.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the water quality assessment module is configured to determine a free ammonia composition and wherein the concentration of free ammonia in the sample of water is estimated.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the concentration is estimated from monitoring a rate of change of oxidation reduction potential measurement in millivolts as a function of an amount of chlorine-containing material added to the sample of water.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the concentration is estimated by calculating a slope obtained by plotting the plurality of oxidation reduction potential measurements of the sample of water versus an amount of additional chlorine-containing material added to the sample of water.
11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the water quality assessment module determines the disinfectant composition as a real-time measurement.
12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the water quality assessment module is configured to monitor the disinfectant level of the water supply via periodic or continuous collection of a plurality of samples of water.