Method of application of sliding-ring polymers to enhance elastic properties in oil-well cement
This document relates to methods for improving the tensile and elastic properties of cement of an oil well using cement compositions that contain sliding-ring polymer additives. The cement compositions containing the sliding-ring polymer additives exhibit increased stiffness while having a minimum impact on compressive strength, as compared to the same cement without the sliding-ring polymer additive.
1. A method for preventing the formation of micro-cracks and fractures in the cement of an oil well, the method comprising providing to the oil well a cement composition comprising cement and a sliding-ring polymer additive, the sliding-ring polymer additive comprising at least two molecules of a polyrotaxane, wherein the polyrotaxane comprises:
a linear polymer;
at least one ring compound, wherein the linear polymer is threaded through the opening of the ring compound; and
stopper groups disposed at both end terminals of the linear polymer;
wherein at least one of the linear polymer and the ring compound is substituted with a hydrophobic or non-ionic group or combination thereof; and
the at least two molecules of polyrotaxane are cross-linked to each other through a chemical bond.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the linear polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(meth)acrylic acid, a cellulose-based resin, polyacrylamide, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, a polyvinyl acetal-based resin, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyamine, polyethyleneimine, casein, gelatin, starch, a polyolefin-based resin, a polyester resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, a polystyrene-based resin, an acrylic resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyurethane resin, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, a polyvinylbutyral resin, polyisobutylene, polytetrahydrofuran, polyaniline, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS resin), a polyamide, a polyimide, a polydiene, a polysiloxane, a polysulfone, a polyimine, a polyacetic anhydride, a polyurea, a polysulfide, a polyphosphazene, a polyketone, a polyphenylene, a polyhaloolefin; and derivatives and copolymers thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the linear polymer is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene glycol, polytetrahydrofuran, polydimethylsiloxane, polyethylene and polypropylene copolymer, and polyethylene glycol.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the linear polymer is polyethylene glycol.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the linear polymer has a molecular weight of about 2000 g/mol to about 50,000 g/mol, about 8000 g/mol to about 30,000 g/mol, about 15,000 g/mol to about 25,000 g/mol, or about 10,000 g/mol to about 50,000 g/mol.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the linear polymer has a molecular weight greater than about 10,000 g/mol, greater than about 20,000 g/mol, or greater than about 35,000 g/mol.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ring compound comprises one or more of an —OH group, an —NH 2 group, a —COOH group, an epoxy group, a vinyl group, a thiol group, a photo-crosslinkable group, and combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the photo-crosslinkable group is selected from the group consisting of cinnamic acid, coumarin, chalcone, anthracene, styrylpyridine, styrylpyridinium salt, and styrylquinolium salt.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the ring compound is a cyclodextrin or cyclodextrin derivative.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the cyclodextrin is selected from the group consisting of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ring compound is a cyclodextrin and a part or all of the hydroxyl groups (—OH) of the cyclodextrin is substituted with a hydrophobic group or non-ionic group or combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein substitution of the hydroxyl group with the hydrophobic group or non-ionic group or combination thereof is about 10% to about 100% of the total hydroxyl groups of the total cyclodextrin molecules.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein at least one hydroxyl group of at least one cyclodextrin molecule in each of the at least two molecules of polyrotaxane is involved in cross-linking.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ring compound has an inclusion amount ranging from 0.001 to 0.61 relative to 1 which is the maximum inclusion amount of the ring compound capable of being included by the linear polymer.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stopper group is selected from the group consisting of a dinitrophenyl, a cyclodextrin, adamantane, trityl, a fluorescein, a pyrene, a substituted benzene, a polycyclic aromatic, and steroids.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the stopper group is adamantane or trityl.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic group is selected from the group consisting of alkyl group, benzyl group, benzene derivative-containing group, acyl group, silyl group, trityl group, tosyl group, a polymer, and groups bonded through a urethane bond, ester bond or ether bond.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the polymer is a polycaprolactone.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-ionic group is selected from the group consisting of:
an —OR group, wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-12 carbons, a linear or branched alkyl group having 2-12 carbons and at least one ether group, a cycloalkyl group having 3-12 carbons, a cycloalkyl ether group having 2-12 carbons or a cycloalkyl thioether group having 2-12 carbons;
an —O—R′—X group, wherein R′ is a group resulting from removal of one hydrogen in a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-12 carbons, a group resulting from removal of one hydrogen in a linear or branched alkyl group having 2-12 carbons and at least one ether group, a group resulting from removal of one hydrogen in a cycloalkyl group having 3-12 carbons, a group resulting from removal of one hydrogen in a cycloalkyl ether group having 2-12 carbons or a group resulting from removal of one hydrogen in a cycloalkyl thioether group having 2-12 carbons, and X is —OH, —NH 2 or —SH;
an —O—CO—NH—R 1 group, wherein R 1 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-12 carbons, a linear or branched alkyl group having 2-12 carbons and at least one ether group, a cycloalkyl group having 3-12 carbons, a cycloalkyl ether group having 2-12 carbons or a cycloalkyl thioether group having 2-12 carbons;
an —O—CO—R 2 group, wherein R 2 is a linear or branched alky 1 group having 1-12 carbons, a linear or branched alkyl group having 2-12 carbons and at least one ether group, a cycloalkyl group having 3-12 carbons, a cycloalkyl ether group having 2-12 carbons or a cycloalkyl thioether group having 2-12 carbons;
an —O—Si—R 3 group, wherein R 3 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-12 carbons, a linear or branched alkyl group having 2-12 carbons and at least one ether group, a cycloalkyl group having 3-12 carbons, a cycloalkyl ether group having 2-12 carbons or a cycloalkyl thioether group having 2-12 carbons; and
an —O—CO—O—R 4 group, wherein R 4 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-12 carbons, a linear or branched alkyl group having 2-12 carbons and at least one ether group, a cycloalkyl group having 3-12 carbons, a cycloalkyl ether group having 2-12 carbons or a cycloalkyl thioether group having 2-12 carbons.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least two molecules of polyrotaxane are chemically bonded by a cross-linking agent.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the cross-linking agent is selected from the group consisting of cyanuric chloride, trimesoyl chloride, terephthaloyl chloride, epichlorohydrin, dibromobenzene, glutaraldehyde, phenylene diisocyanates, tolylene diisocyanates, divinylsulfone, 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole, and alkoxysilanes.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sliding-ring polymer additive comprises a polyrotaxane wherein the linear polymer is polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of about 20,000 g/mol; the ring compound is a cyclodextrin wherein a part or all of the hydroxyl groups (—OH) of the cyclodextrin are substituted with a hydrophobic group or non-ionic group or combination thereof; and the stopper groups are adamantane.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein a part or all of the hydroxyl groups (—OH) of the cyclodextrin are substituted with a polycaprolactone, a hydroxypropyl group, or both.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of sliding-ring polymer additive in the cement composition is between about 0.1% to about 6%, about 1% to about 4%, or about 2% to about 3% by weight of the cement composition.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the amount of sliding-ring polymer additive in the cement composition is about 1%, about 2%, or about 3% by weight of the cement composition.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cement composition comprises a suspending agent.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of a polymer, hydroxyethylcellulose, a polyacrylate, a hydrophilic polymer, a cellulose derivative, a block co-polymer of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, and mixtures of these polymers.
28. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cement composition further comprises water.
29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the ratio of cement to water in the cement composition is about 50:50, about 60:40, or about 70:30 wt/v.