Separators, batteries, systems, and methods for idle start stop vehicles
In accordance with at least selected embodiments or aspects, the present invention is directed to improved, unique, and/or high performance ISS lead acid battery separators, such as improved ISS flooded lead acid battery separators, ISS batteries including such separators, methods of production, and/or methods of use. The preferred ISS separator may include negative cross ribs and/or PIMS minerals. In accordance with more particular embodiments or examples, a PIMS mineral (preferably fish meal, a bio-mineral) is provided as at least a partial substitution for the silica filler component in a silica filled lead acid battery separator (preferably a polyethylene/silica separator formulation). In accordance with at least selected embodiments, the present invention is directed to new or improved batteries, separators, components, and/or compositions having heavy metal removal capabilities and/or methods of manufacture and/or methods of use thereof.
1. A membrane for an acid-containing battery, the membrane in the shape of a flat sheet, and wherein the membrane comprises a polymer, oil, and a filler comprised of silica and fish meal, wherein the filler comprises 10-50% fish meal, and the silica has a surface area greater than 200 m 2 /g.
2. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the membrane is a microporous polyolefin membrane.
3. The membrane of claim 2 , wherein the polymer is a polyolefin.
4. The membrane of claim 3 , wherein the silica to polymer ratio is from 3.0/1.0 to 5.0/1.0.
5. The membrane of claim 3 , wherein the silica to polymer ratio is from 3.0/1.0 to 4.0/1.0.
6. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the membrane is a macroporous membrane, wherein the polymer is one or more selected from rubber, PVC, synthetic wood pulp (SWP), glass fibers, cellulosic fibers, polypropylene, and combinations thereof.
7. The membrane of claim 1 , having an overall thickness of 0.200 mm to 4.0 mm.
8. The membrane of claim 1 , further comprising a material having heavy metal removal capabilities.
9. The membrane of claim 8 , wherein the material is one or more selected from an apatite mineral, a hydroxyapatite mineral, ground fish meal, zeolites, lignins, latex, and rubber-derivatives.
10. The membrane of claim 9 , wherein the material is latex.
11. The membrane of claim 9 , wherein the material is a rubber-derivative.
12. The membrane of claim 1 , further comprising nucleation additives in or on a surface of the membrane.
13. The membrane of claim 12 , wherein the nucleation additives comprise one or more selected from carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes and barium sulfate.
14. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is polyethylene and the membrane further comprises a wetting agent.
15. The membrane of claim 14 , wherein the wetting agent is hydrophobic.
16. The membrane of claim 15 , wherein the wetting agent is an ethoxylated fatty alcohol.
17. The membrane of claim 1 , comprising one or more of the following properties:
an average pore size of 0.1 microns;
a maximum pore size <1 microns;
an Electrical Resistance less than 0.065 (Ohm cm sq); and
a porosity of 60% to 80%.
18. The membrane of claim 17 having at least two of the properties.
19. A membrane for an acid-containing battery, the membrane in the shape of a flat sheet, and wherein the membrane comprises polymer, oil, and a filler comprised of silica and fish meal, wherein the filler comprises 50% fish meal, and the silica has a surface area greater than 200 m 2 /g.
20. The membrane of claim 19 , further comprising at least one material having heavy metal removal capabilities selected from the group consisting of an apatite mineral, a hydroxyapatite mineral, ground fish meal, zeolites, lignins, latex, and rubber-derivatives.