Dynamic fluid heater and washing appliance
A heating system for heating a target fluid may include an intermediate liquid circulation path for holding an intermediate liquid and a target fluid flow path for conveying the target fluid, where the target fluid flow path and the circulation path are separate from one another but thermally communicate with one another via a heat exchanger. The intermediate liquid may be heated by a heater and circulated in the intermediate liquid circulation path by a pump. A ratio of the maximum heat output of the heater to the volume of the intermediate liquid circulation path may be at least about 5 Watts/cm 3 . The thermal mass of the intermediate liquid may be 0.3 times the thermal mass of the target fluid or less. The heating system may be utilized in a washing appliance such as a dishwasher, where the target fluid is the wash water used in such appliance.
1. A heating system for heating a target fluid comprising:
(a) a structure defining an intermediate liquid circulation path for holding an intermediate liquid and a target fluid flow path for conveying the target fluid, the target fluid flow path being separate from the intermediate liquid circulation path, the intermediate liquid circulation path including a heat exchange portion, the target fluid flow path including a heat exchange portion, the heat exchange portions being in thermal communication with one another and cooperatively constituting a heat exchanger, wherein the intermediate liquid circulation path includes a branch configured to convey at least some of the intermediate liquid into thermal communication with a heat sink coupled to at least one component of an electrical circuit of the heating system;
(b) a pump in the intermediate liquid circulation path for circulating intermediate liquid in the circulation path; and
(c) a heater adapted to heat the intermediate liquid, the heater having a maximum heat output, a ratio of the maximum heat output of the heater to a volume of the intermediate liquid circulation path being at least about 5 Watts/cm 3 .
2. A heating system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the heater is an ohmic heater including a plurality of electrodes disposed within the intermediate liquid circulation path and an electrical circuit arranged to apply different electrical potentials to different ones of the electrodes so that an electrical current passes through the intermediate liquid.
3. A heating system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a volume of the exchange portion of the target fluid path is less than the volume of the intermediate liquid circulation path.
4. A heating system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the intermediate liquid disposed in the intermediate liquid circulation path.
5. A heating system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the intermediate liquid circulation path is sealed.
6. A method of making a plurality of heating systems as claimed in claim 4 , comprising the steps of
(i) making a plurality of substantially identical heating systems without the intermediate liquid;
(ii) filling the intermediate liquid circulation paths of a first group of the heating systems with a first intermediate liquid having a first electrical conductivity; and
(iii) filling the intermediate liquid circulation paths of a second group of the heating systems with a second intermediate liquid having a second electrical conductivity lower than the first electrical conductivity, whereby the heating systems of the first and second groups are adapted for use with different electrical supply voltages.
7. A heating system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the heat exchange portions include a shell and one or more tubes extending through the shell.
8. A heating system as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the heat exchange portion of the intermediate liquid circulation path includes the shell and the heat exchange portion of the target fluid flow path includes the one or more tubes.
9. A heating system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the structure defining the intermediate liquid circulation path includes a flexible membrane to allow for expansion of the volume of the intermediate liquid.
10. A heating system as claimed in claim 9 , wherein a spring applies pressure to the flexible membrane to pressurize the intermediate liquid, the spring being configured so that the applied pressure corresponds to the saturation curve of the intermediate liquid.
11. A heating system for heating a target fluid comprising:
(a) a structure defining an intermediate liquid circulation path for holding an intermediate liquid and a target fluid flow path for conveying the target fluid, the target fluid flow path being separate from the intermediate liquid circulation path, the intermediate liquid circulation path including a heat exchange portion, the target fluid flow path including a heat exchange portion, the heat exchange portions being in thermal communication with one another and cooperatively constituting a heat exchanger, wherein the structure defining the intermediate liquid circulation path includes a flexible membrane configured to allow for expansion of the volume of the intermediate liquid;
(b) a pump in the intermediate liquid circulation path for circulating intermediate liquid in the circulation path; and
(c) a heater adapted to heat the intermediate liquid, the heater having a maximum heat output, a ratio of the maximum heat output of the heater to a volume of the intermediate liquid circulation path being at least about 5 Watts/cm 3 .
12. A heating system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the heater is an ohmic heater including a plurality of electrodes disposed within the intermediate liquid circulation path and an electrical circuit arranged to apply different electrical potentials to different ones of the electrodes so that an electrical current passes through the intermediate liquid.
13. A heating system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein a volume of the exchange portion of the target fluid path is less than the volume of the intermediate liquid circulation path.
14. A heating system as claimed in claim 11 , further comprising the intermediate liquid disposed in the intermediate liquid circulation path.
15. A heating system as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the intermediate liquid circulation path is sealed.
16. A method of making a plurality of heating systems as claimed in claim 14 , comprising the steps of
(i) making a plurality of substantially identical heating systems without the intermediate liquid;
(ii) filling the intermediate liquid circulation paths of a first group of the heating systems with a first intermediate liquid having a first electrical conductivity; and
(iii) filling the intermediate liquid circulation paths of a second group of the heating systems with a second intermediate liquid having a second electrical conductivity lower than the first electrical conductivity, whereby the heating systems of the first and second groups are adapted for use with different electrical supply voltages.
17. A heating system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the heat exchange portions include a shell and one or more tubes extending through the shell.
18. A heating system as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the heat exchange portion of the intermediate liquid circulation path includes the shell and the heat exchange portion of the target fluid flow path includes the one or more tubes.
19. A heating system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the intermediate liquid circulation path includes a branch in thermal communication with a heat sink coupled to at least one component of an electrical circuit of the heating system.
20. A heating system as claimed in claim 11 , wherein a spring applies pressure to the flexible membrane to pressurize the intermediate liquid, the spring being configured so that the applied pressure corresponds to the saturation curve of the intermediate liquid.