Processes and/or machines for producing continuous plastic deformation, and/or compositions and/or manufactures produced thereby
Certain exemplary embodiments can provide a manufacturing method, process, machine, and/or system for continuously consolidating granular materials, creating new alloys and/or composites, and/or modifying and/or refining material microstructure, by using plastic deformation of feedstock(s) provided in various structural forms. Materials produced during this process can be fabricated directly and/or in forms such as, e.g., wires, rods, tubes, sheets, plate and/or channels, etc.
1. A method for producing an extruded material from one or more feedstocks, the method comprising performing the activities of:
feeding a deformable solid-state first feedstock selected from the one or more feedstocks through a stationary first feedport and into a cavity defined between a rotor and an inner wall of a stationary container;
upon contacting the first feedstock with the rotor, without melting the first feedstock, creating a stirred material within the cavity via activities comprising plastically deforming the first feedstock; and
continuously extruding the stirred material from the cavity through one or more dies to generate an extruded material;
wherein:
the rotor defines a rotational axis about which the rotor is configured to operatively rotate;
the rotor defines a contained portion that operatively remains within the container;
the first feedstock is fed through the stationary first feedport while the contained portion of the rotor is operatively rotating;
the contained portion has a generally conical frustum shape that defines a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end located closer to a driven portion of the rotor than the distal end;
while the contained portion is operatively rotating:
a magnitude of an axial gap continuously changes across time, the axial gap measured along a first line extending in a predetermined perpetual cross-sectional plane that includes the rotational axis, the first line extending parallel to the rotational axis, the gap being the shortest distance, on the predetermined perpetual cross-sectional plane and along the first line, between (a) the exterior surface of the rotor and (b) a second line that extends in the predetermined perpetual cross-sectional plane, is perpendicular to the rotational axis, and intersects a centroid of an exit of the first feedport; and/or
a magnitude of a radial gap continuously changes across time, the radial gap measured along the second line and being the shortest distance, on the predetermined perpetual cross-sectional plane and along the second line, between the exterior of the rotor and the first line;
as viewed along the rotational axis from the distal end, a visible proximal perimeter of the rotor located proximal from the distal end is greater than a visible distal perimeter of the rotor located at the distal end.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
during the feeding of the first feedstock into the cavity, wiping a portion of the stirred material from the rotor.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
during the feeding of the first feedstock into the cavity, feeding a second feedstock selected from the one or more feedstocks through a stationary second feedport and into the cavity.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
during the feeding of the first feedstock into the cavity, feeding a second feedstock selected from the one or more feedstocks through a stationary second feedport and into the cavity; and
incorporating the second feedstock into the stirred material.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
during the feeding of the first feedstock into the cavity, feeding a second feedstock selected from the one or more feedstocks through a stationary second feedport and into the cavity;
dividing the second feedstock; and
incorporating the second feedstock into the stirred material.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
during the feeding of the first feedstock into the cavity, feeding a second feedstock selected from the one or more feedstocks through a stationary second feedport and into the cavity; and
within the cavity, reacting the second feedstock with the first feedstock.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
metallurgically and seamlessly bonding or consolidating the stirred material within the cavity.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
causing the stirred material to undergo melting, segregation, partitioning, or precipitation.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
depositing the extruded material onto a substrate.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
during the plastically deforming activity, alloying the first feedstock with a second feedstock selected from the one or more feedstocks.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
said feeding activity occurs continuously.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
said feeding activity occurs cyclically.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
said extruding activity comprises back-extruding the extruded material through the rotor.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the rotor does not operatively effect the activity of feeding the first feedstock when the contained portion operatively translates along the rotational axis.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the rotor is configured to operatively change the volume of the cavity while the rotor is operatively translating along the rotational axis of the rotor.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the rotor defines one or more fins, flutes, flats, slots, steps, stepped spirals, nubs, buttons, cutting edges, and/or protrusions.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the inner wall of the container defines one or more fins, flutes, flats, slots, steps, stepped spirals, nubs, buttons, cutting edges, and/or protrusions.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the first feedstock enters the cavity in direction non-parallel to the rotational axis.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the extruded material is extruded through the die in direction non-parallel to the rotational axis.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the rotor and the die are configured to cooperatively impose an elongated form onto the extruded material, the elongated form having an annular shape.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
a composition of the extruded material varies along a longitudinal axis of the extruded material.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
at least one feedstock from the one or more feedstocks is in the form of particulates, powder, granules, machined chips, and/or swarfs.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
at least one feedstock from the one or more feedstocks comprises a metal, alloy, ceramic, polymer, or glass.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the extruded material has the form of a pipe or tube filled with a material other than the extruded material.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the extruded material comprises a pure metal, an alloy, and/or a composite.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the extruded material has a microstructure defined by substantially uniform distribution of grain structure and one or more secondary phases.
27. A method for producing an extruded material from one or more feedstocks, the method comprising performing the activities of:
feeding a deformable solid-state first feedstock selected from the one or more feedstocks through a stationary first feedport and into a cavity defined between a rotor and an inner wall of a stationary container;
upon contacting the first feedstock with the rotor, without melting the first feedstock, creating a stirred material within the cavity via activities comprising plastically deforming the first feedstock; and
continuously extruding the stirred material from the cavity through one or more dies to generate an extruded material;
wherein:
the rotor defines a rotational axis about which the rotor is configured to operatively rotate;
a contained portion of the rotor is configured to operatively remain within the container while operatively translating along the rotational axis;
the first feedstock is fed through the stationary first feedport while the contained portion is operatively rotating;
the rotor defines a semi-contained portion located immediately adjacent to the contained portion;
the rotor defines a contained perimeter located in a plane that is oriented perpendicularly to the rotational axis and that separates the contained portion from the semi-contained portion;
the semi-contained portion operatively enters and exits the container;
the feeding activity is operatively halted when the semi-contained portion begins entering the container;
the contained portion has a generally conical frustum shape that defines a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end located closer to a driven portion of the rotor than the distal end;
while the contained portion is operatively rotating and translating:
a magnitude of an axial gap continuously changes across time, the axial gap measured along a first line extending in a predetermined perpetual cross-sectional plane that includes the rotational axis, the first line extending parallel to the rotational axis, the gap being the shortest distance, on the predetermined perpetual cross-sectional plane and along the first line, between (a) the exterior surface of the rotor and (b) a second line that extends in the predetermined perpetual cross-sectional plane, is perpendicular to the rotational axis, and intersects a centroid of an exit of the first feedport; and/or
a magnitude of a radial gap continuously changes across time, the radial gap measured along the second line and being the shortest distance, on the predetermined perpetual cross-sectional plane and along the second line, between the exterior of the rotor and the first line;
as viewed along the rotational axis from the distal end, a visible proximal perimeter of the rotor located proximal from the distal end is greater than a visible distal perimeter of the rotor located at the distal end.
28. A machine configured for producing an extruded material from one or more feedstocks, the machine comprising:
a feedstock feeder that operatively feeds a deformable solid-state first feedstock selected from the one or more feedstocks through a stationary first feedport and into a cavity defined between a rotating rotor and an inner wall of a stationary container; and
a rotor that, upon contacting the first feedstock with the rotating rotor and without melting the first feedstock, operatively creates an unmelted stirred material within the cavity via activities comprising plastically deforming the first feedstock;
wherein:
the rotor defines a rotational axis about which the rotor is configured to operatively rotate;
a contained portion of the rotor is configured to operatively remain within the container while operatively translating along the rotational axis;
the first feedstock is fed through the stationary first feedport while the contained portion is operatively rotating;
the rotor defines a semi-contained portion located immediately adjacent to the contained portion;
the rotor defines a contained perimeter located in a plane that is oriented perpendicularly to the rotational axis and that separates the contained portion from the semi-contained portion;
the semi-contained portion operatively enters and exits the container;
the machine operatively halts feeding the first feedstock when the semi-contained portion begins entering the container;
the contained perimeter is greater than a terminal perimeter located at a non-driven terminal end of the rotor;
the rotor has a generally conical frustum shape;
while the contained portion is operatively rotating and/or translating:
a magnitude of an axial gap continuously changes across time, the axial gap measured along a first line extending in a predetermined perpetual cross-sectional plane that includes the rotational axis, the first line extending parallel to the rotational axis, the gap being the shortest distance, on the predetermined perpetual cross-sectional plane and along the first line, between (a) the exterior surface of the rotor and (b) a second line that extends in the predetermined perpetual cross-sectional plane, is perpendicular to the rotational axis, and intersects a centroid of an exit of the first feedport; and/or
a magnitude of a radial gap continuously changes across time, the radial gap measured along the second line and being the shortest distance, on the predetermined perpetual cross-sectional plane and along the second line, between the exterior of the rotor and the first line;
as viewed along the rotational axis from the distal end, a visible proximal perimeter of the rotor located proximal from the distal end is greater than a visible distal perimeter of the rotor located at the distal end; and
while the first feedstock is plastically deformed, a microstructure of the first feedstock is changed.
29. The machine of claim 1 , further comprising:
a translatable feeder frame connected to the container and configured to operatively feed a predetermined quantity of one or more of feedstocks through the feedport and into the cavity.
30. The machine of claim 1 , further comprising:
a 3D printing bed that operatively translates into a predetermined relative position with respect to the one or more dies.