Functionalized silicone polymers and methods of making and using the same
Functionalized silicone polymers incorporating segments formed from medium-chain fatty acids are generally disclosed herein. Methods of using such compounds, for example, as surfactants, are also disclosed herein, as well as methods of making such compounds, for example, from medium-chain fatty acids derived from natural oils.
1. A siloxane polymer of formula (I):
wherein:
each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is independently a hydrogen atom, a C 1-14 hydrocarbyl group, or a C 1-14 hydrocarbyloxy group;
R x and R y are —(CH 2 ) n C(═O)—R 5 ;
each R 5 is independently —O—R 6 ;
each R 6 , is independently C 1-30 alkyl, C 2-30 alkenyl, or C 1-401 heteroalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted one or more times by substituents selected independently from R z ;
R z is a halogen atom, —OH, —NH 2 , —SH, or C 6-14 aryl, wherein any two-OH substituents on immediately adjacent carbon atoms may optionally combine to form an epoxy group;
each R 6 is independently C 1-12 alkyl, which is substituted by one or more halogen atoms;
each n is independently an integer ranging from 9 to 17; and
k is independently an integer ranging from 5 to 5000.
2. The siloxane polymer of claim 1 , wherein each R 6 is independently methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl, or 2-ethylhexyl.
3. The siloxane polymer of claim 1 , wherein each R 6 is independently C 3-401 oxyalkyl.
4. The siloxane polymer of claim 3 , wherein each R 6 is independently —(CH 2 —CH 2 —O) w —CH 3 , wherein w is an integer ranging from 1 to 200.
5. A siloxane polymer comprising a plurality of constitutional units, wherein the plurality of constitutional units comprises:
(a) constitutional units of formula (II):
and
(b) constitutional units of formula (III):
wherein:
each R 1 and R 2 is independently a hydrogen atom, a C 3-101 oxyalkyl group, or a C 1-14 hydrocarbyl group, which is optionally substituted one or more times by halogen atoms;
each R 3 and R 4 is independently a hydrogen atom, —(CH 2 ) n C(═O)—R 5 , a C 3-101 oxyalkyl group, or a C 1-14 hydrocarbyl group, which is optionally substituted one or more times by halogen atoms, wherein, for each constitutional unit of formula (III), at least one of R 3 and R 4 is —(CH 2 ) n C(═O)—R 5 ;
each R 5 is independently —O—R 6 , —NH—R 7 , or —N(R 8 ) (R 9 );
each R 8 and R 9 is independently C 1-30 alkyl, C 2-30 alkenyl, or C 1-401 heteroalkyl, each of which is optionally substituted one or more times by substituents selected independently from R x ;
each R 6 is independently —(CH 2 ) x —CH(O)CH 2 , wherein x is an integer ranging from 1 to 12;
R x is a halogen atom, —OH, —NH 2 , —SH, or C 6-14 aryl, wherein any two —OH substituents on immediately adjacent carbon atoms may optionally combine to form an epoxy group; and
each n is independently an integer ranging from 9 to 17;
wherein when R 5 is independently —NH—R 7 , R 7 is a moiety of formula (IV):
-G 3 -N + —(R 11 )(R 12 )-G 4 -R 13 (IV)
wherein:
G 3 is C 1-12 alkylene;
G 4 is C 1-6 alkylene;
R 11 and R 12 are independently a hydrogen atom or C 1-20 alkyl; and
R 13 is a hydrogen atom or a phenyl moiety.
6. The siloxane polymer of claim 5 , wherein each R 5 is independently —O—R 6 .
7. The siloxane polymer of claim 5 , wherein the constitutional units of formula (II) and the constitutional units of formula (III) together make up at least 60% by weight of the constitutional units in the siloxane polymer.
8. The siloxane polymer of claim 5 , wherein the numerical ratio of constitutional units of formula (II) to constitutional units of formula (III) in the siloxane polymer ranges from 1:5 to 5:1, or from 1:4 to 4:1, or from 1:3 to 3:1, or from 1:2 to 2:1.