Phase change composite apparatus for battery packs and methods of making
A method for making a phase change composite (PCC) for a battery pack of a plurality of electrochemical cells. The method includes impregnating a matrix material with a phase change material, and fragmenting the matrix material before or after the impregnating. The fragmented and impregnated matrix material are shaped into a composite such as by extraction, pressing, or other molding technique. Additional PCC shapes are provided by this invention, such as individual spacers for placement between individual battery cells, or rows of cells.
1. A method for making a phase change composite for a battery pack of a plurality of electrochemical cells, the method comprising:
impregnating a sheet of a matrix material with a phase change material by soaking a sheet of the matrix material in a bath of the phase change material, wherein the sheet of matrix material comprises an expanded graphite sheet;
fragmenting the sheet of matrix material into impregnated matrix material pieces;
mixing the impregnated matrix material pieces with binder material particles to form a composite mix, wherein the binder material particles form 2% to 5% of the composite mix;
placing the composite mix into a screw extruder;
screw extruding the fragmented and impregnated matrix material within the screw extruder into a shaped composite corresponding to an extruder shape, wherein the shaped composite is a spacer having at least two battery seats on each of two opposing sides of the spacer, each of the battery seats of the spacer is an open face seat that does not fully surround a corresponding cell of the battery pack, and
the spacer retains the extruder shape for use with the battery pack;
coating the spacer with a polymer coating material selected from a polyurethane, an epoxy, a silicone, a rubber, and combinations thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising placing the spacer between at least four battery cells in the battery pack.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the phase change material comprises liquifiable wax.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fragmenting comprises grinding, grating, shredding, and/or cutting.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spacer comprises an X-shaped cross section.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein each battery seat is curved between two perpendicular longitudinal ridges of the spacer.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein a first ridge of the two perpendicular longitudinal ridges is wider than a second ridge of the two perpendicular longitudinal ridges.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spacer is configured to extend in one-piece between two rows of battery cells, and the spacer has two opposing faces, each with the at least two battery seats each separated by a longitudinal ridge.