Battery system thermal management
Electrochemical cell battery systems and associated methods of operation are provided based on the incorporation of a thermal management matrix including a supply of phase change material disposed at least in part in a heat conductive lattice member to effectively dissipate heat produced or generated by or in the battery system such as to minimize or prevent thermal runaway propagation in the electrochemical cells of the system.
1. A battery system comprising:
an electrochemical cell array comprising a plurality of electrochemical cell elements and
a thermal management matrix at least in part enveloping the electrochemical cell array and in thermal contact therewith, the thermal management matrix comprising a supply of phase change material disposed at least in part in a heat conductive lattice member, the thermal management matrix dissipating at least a portion of heat generated upon activation of at least a portion of the electrochemical cell array enveloped by the thermal management matrix.
2. The battery system of claim 1 wherein the thermal management matrix at least in part envelopes at least one of the plurality of electrochemical cell elements.
3. The battery system of claim 1 wherein adjacent electrochemical cell elements are at least in part spaced apart by the thermal management matrix.
4. The battery system of claim 1 wherein adjacent electrochemical cell elements are at least in part in direct contact.
5. The battery system of claim 1 wherein the electrochemical cell array comprises a plurality of lithium-based electrochemical cell elements.
6. The battery system of claim 1 wherein the heat conductive lattice member comprises graphite.
7. The battery system of claim 1 wherein the thermal management matrix comprises a supply of phase change material encapsulated in a heat conductive lattice member comprising expanded graphite.
8. The battery system of claim 7 wherein the phase change material comprises a paraffin wax.
9. The battery module comprising the battery system of claim 1 .
10. A battery pack comprising a plurality of battery modules of claim 9 .
11. A thermally managed lithium-based battery system, the system comprising:
an electrochemical cell array comprising a plurality of lithium-based electrochemical cell elements and
a thermal management matrix at least in part in thermal contact with at least one of the lithium-based electrochemical cell elements of the electrochemical cell array, thermal management matrix comprising a supply of phase change material, at least a portion of the supply of phase change material disposed in a heat conductive lattice member.
12. A thermally managed lithium-based battery system of claim 11 wherein the thermal management matrix at least in part individually envelopes more than one of the lithium-based electrochemical cell elements of the electrochemical cell array.
13. The thermally managed lithium-based battery system of claim 11 wherein the heat conductive lattice member comprises graphite.
14. The thermally managed lithium-based battery system of claim 13 wherein the thermal management matrix comprises a supply of phase change material micro-encapsulated in expanded graphite.
15. The battery module comprising the thermally managed lithium-based battery system of claim 11 .
16. A battery pack comprising a plurality of battery modules of claim 15 .
17. A method of avoiding thermal runaway propagation in an electrochemical cell array comprising a plurality of electrochemical cell elements, the method comprising:
dissipating heat produced by at least a first electrochemical cell element of the electrochemical cell array at least in part via a thermal management matrix at least in part enveloping at least the first and a second electrochemical cell elements of the electrochemical cell array, wherein the thermal management matrix comprises a supply of phase change material at least in part disposed in a heat conductive lattice member, the heat being dissipated to at least one of the phase change material, the second electrochemical cell element and combinations thereof.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the thermal management matrix at least in part individually envelopes a plurality of the electrochemical cell elements.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein the electrochemical cell array comprises a plurality of lithium-based electrochemical cell elements.
20. The method of claim 17 wherein the thermal management matrix comprises a supply of phase change material encapsulated in expanded graphite.