Firefighting foam composition
An aqueous concentrate, which can be diluted with an aqueous diluent to form a foam precursor composition, is provided. The foam precursor composition may be aerated to form a firefighting foam. The aqueous firefighting composition includes a sugar component; a surfactant component, which includes one or more of an anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant; polysaccharide thickener, which includes succinoglycan; and at least about 30 wt. % water.
1. An aqueous firefighting composition comprising:
a sugar component;
a surfactant component comprising an anionic surfactant and a zwitterionic surfactant;
a polysaccharide thickener comprising succinoglycan; and
at least about 30 wt. % water;
wherein the composition is substantially free of non-ionic surfactants.
2. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 1 , wherein the firefighting composition further comprises an alkanolamine, a glycol solvent, a glycol ether solvent, an aliphatic alcohol-based component, a magnesium salt, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
3. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 1 , wherein the sugar component comprises at least about 50 wt. % of a monosaccharide, sugar alcohol, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
4. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide thickener further comprises xanthan gum, diutan gum, rhamsan gum, welan gum, gellan gum, guar gum, konjac gum, tara gum, methylcellulose, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
5. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 1 , wherein polysaccharide thickener further comprises agar, sodium alginate, carrageenan, gum arabic, gum guaicum, neem gum, pistacia lentiscus, gum chatti, caranna, galactomannan, gum tragacanth, karaya gum, guar gum, xanthan gum, welan gum, rhamsam gum, locust bean gum, beta-glucan, cellulose, methylcellulose, chicle gum, kino gum, dammar gum, glucomannan, mastic gum, spruce gum, tara gum, gellan gum, acacia gum, cassia gum, diutan gum, fenugreek gum, ghatti gum, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose, karaya gum, konjac gum, pectin, propylene glycol alginate, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
6. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant component comprises an anionic surfactant and a zwitterionic surfactant.
7. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant component comprises an anionic surfactant.
8. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 6 , wherein the anionic surfactant comprises an aliphatic sulfate salt, aliphatic sulfonate salt, an aliphatic ether sulfate salt, aliphatic ether sulfate salt, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
9. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 6 , wherein the anionic surfactant comprises a C 8-14 -alkyl sulfate salt, a C 8-14 -alkyl ether sulfate salt, a C 8-14 -alkyl sulfonate salt, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
10. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 6 , wherein the anionic surfactant comprises an octyl sulfate salt, a decyl sulfate salt, a dodecyl sulfate salt, a tetradecyl sulfate salt, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
11. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 6 , wherein the zwitterionic surfactant comprises an aliphatic amidoalkyl hydroxysultaine, an aliphatic amidoalkyl betaine, an aliphatic sulfobetaine surfactant, an aliphatic betaine surfactant, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
12. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 6 , wherein the zwitterionic surfactant comprises a C 8-14 -alkylamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, laurylamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, myristylamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, or a mixture thereof.
13. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a water-miscible organic solvent that is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
14. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises:
a C 8-14 -alkyl sulfate surfactant;
a C 8-14 -alkylamidopropyl hydroxysultaine surfactant;
a water-miscible organic solvent comprising diethylene glycol n-butyl ether;
a polysaccharide thickener comprising xanthan gum; and
the sugar component comprises at least about 85 wt. % fructose, glucose, or a mixture thereof.
15. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 1 further comprising a reducing agent.
16. The aqueous firefighting composition of claim 15 , wherein the reducing agent comprises sodium sulfite, sodium metabisulfite, sodium bisulfite, or a mixture of any two or more thereof.
17. A method of fighting a fire, the method comprising forming a foam comprising the aqueous firefighting composition of claim 1 , and applying the foam directly or indirectly onto the fire.
18. A method of forming a firefighting foam, the method comprising diluting the aqueous firefighting composition of claim 1 with an aqueous diluting agent to provide a foam precursor solution; and aerating the foam precursor solution to provide the firefighting foam.