Antenna lattice for single-panel full-duplex satellite user terminals
A full-duplex User Terminal Panel (UTP) including one or more User Terminal Modules (UTM) having a plurality of Tx antenna elements. Each of the Tx antenna elements spaced apart from one another by a distance dTx. The full-duplex UTP further includes a plurality of Rx antenna elements. Each of the Rx antenna elements are spaced apart from one another by a distance dRx. Furthermore, the Tx antenna elements may be spaced according to a Tx lattice dTx, such that the Tx lattice dTx spacing arrangement provides grating lobe-free scanning in an elevation plane at a Tx frequency range. The Rx antenna elements are spaced according to an Rx lattice dRx, such that the Rx lattice dRx spacing arrangement provides grating lobe-free scanning in an elevation plane at a Rx frequency range.
1. A full-duplex User Terminal Panel (UTP) comprising:
one or more User Terminal Modules (UTM)s, each UTM comprising:
two or more unit cells, each unit cell comprising:
a transmit (Tx) antenna element, comprising a plurality of Tx antenna element ports;
a receive (Rx) antenna element, comprising a plurality of Rx antenna element ports;
wherein a center of a first Tx antenna element of a first unit cell has a distance x to a center of a first Tx antenna element of a second unit cell;
wherein each of the Tx antenna elements transmit via a first frequency range, and each of the Rx antenna elements receive via a second frequency range, the first frequency range being different than the second frequency range; and
wherein a center of a first Rx antenna element of the first unit cell has a same distance to a center of a first Rx antenna element of the second unit cell, and wherein the distance x is a value such that a grating lobe-free scanning in an elevation plane at the second frequency range is achieved;
at least one Tx radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) configured to transmit a radio frequency (RF) signal, the Tx RFIC comprising one or more Tx channels, each of the Tx channels connected individually to one of the plurality of Tx antenna element ports; and
at least one Rx RFIC configured to receive an RF signal, the Rx RFIC comprising one or more Rx channels, each of the Rx channels connected individually to one of the plurality of Rx antenna element ports.
2. The full-duplex UTP of claim 1 , wherein for an nth unit cell, the center of the nth unit cell has the distance x to a center of an adjacent unit cell.
3. The full-duplex UTP of claim 1 , wherein adjacent Tx antenna elements and Rx antenna elements are positioned from each other to provide an RF isolation between the plurality of the Tx antenna ports and the plurality of the Rx antenna ports.
4. The full-duplex UTP of claim 3 , wherein the RF isolation is achieved via a Tx antenna element keepout region and a Rx antenna element keepout region, the Tx antenna element keepout region disposed about a periphery of the Tx antenna element, and the Rx antenna element keepout region disposed about a periphery of the Rx antenna element.
5. The full-duplex UTP of claim 4 , wherein the Tx antenna element keepout region comprises a buffer zone around the Tx antenna element, and wherein the Rx antenna element keepout region comprises a buffer zone around the Rx antenna element.
6. The full-duplex UTP of claim 4 , wherein an electric field of the Rx antenna element does not overlap with the keepout region of the Tx antenna element, and wherein an electric field of the Tx antenna element does not overlap with the keepout region of the Rx antenna element.
7. The full-duplex UTP of claim 3 , wherein each Tx antenna element is spaced in relationship to a neighboring Rx antenna element such that the Tx antenna element avoids signal coupling with the neighboring Rx antenna elements.
8. The full-duplex UTP of claim 1 , wherein the Tx antenna element is positioned diagonally in relationship to the Rx antenna element.
9. The full-duplex UTP of claim 1 , wherein the Tx antenna element is positioned above the Rx antenna element.
10. The full-duplex UTP of claim 1 , wherein each of the Tx antenna elements have a common Tx polarization, and each of the Rx antenna elements have a common Rx polarization, the common Tx polarization of the Tx antenna elements being orthogonal to the common Rx polarization of the Rx antenna elements.
11. The full-duplex UTP of claim 1 , wherein the Tx antenna element includes a first Tx antenna element port, and the Rx antenna element includes a first Rx antenna element port, the first Tx antenna element port and the first Rx antenna element port having a first orthogonal orientation.
12. The full-duplex UTP of claim 11 , wherein the Tx antenna element includes a second Tx antenna element port, and the Rx antenna element includes a second Rx antenna element port, the second Tx antenna element port and the second Rx antenna element port having a second orthogonal orientation different than the first orthogonal orientation.
13. The full-duplex UTP of claim 1 , further comprising:
a Rx filter connected to one channel of the Rx RFIC and connected to the Rx antenna element port, wherein the Rx filter provides RF signal isolation between the Rx antenna element port and the Tx antenna element port.
14. The full-duplex UTP of claim 1 , further comprising:
a Tx filter connected to one channel of the Tx RFIC and connected to the Tx antenna element port, wherein the Tx filter provides RF signal isolation between the Tx antenna element port and the Rx antenna element port.
15. The full-duplex UTP of claim 1 , wherein the Tx RFIC is configured to alter, by each of the Tx RFIC channels, a phase of an outgoing analog signal to each of the one or more Tx antenna element ports;
wherein the Rx RFIC is configured to alter, by each of the Rx RFIC channels, a phase of an incoming analog signal to each of the one or more Rx antenna element ports; and
wherein the altering of the phase of the outgoing analog signal and the altering of the phase of the incoming analog signal provides a polarization control of the UTP.
16. The full-duplex UTP of claim 10 , wherein the Tx antenna element has two Tx antenna element ports, each of the two Tx antenna element ports connected to a channel of the Tx RFIC, and wherein the Rx antenna element has two Rx antenna element ports, each of the two Rx antenna element ports connected to a channel of the Rx RFIC, thereby enabling full polarization control of the common Tx polarization and the common Rx polarization.
17. The full-duplex of claim 10 , wherein the Tx antenna element has one Tx antenna element port connected to a channel of the Tx RFIC and the Rx antenna element has one Rx antenna element port connected to a channel of the Rx RFIC.
18. The full-duplex of claim 10 , wherein the Tx antenna element has two Tx antenna element ports combined via a microwave combiner circuit connected to a channel of the Tx RFIC, and wherein the Rx antenna element has two Rx antenna element ports combined via a microwave combiner circuit connected to a channel of the Rx RFIC.
19. The full-duplex UTP of claim 10 , wherein the common Tx polarization is a circular polarization and the common Rx polarization is a circular polarization.
20. The full-duplex UTP of claim 18 , wherein four unit cells are configured in a quadrant such that each of the four unit cells is rotated 90 degrees from each other in a clockwise manner.
21. The full-duplex UTP of claim 19 , wherein the common Tx polarization is a Right-Hand circular polarization (RHCP) and the Rx common polarization is a Left-Hand circular polarization (LHCP).