High ionic conductivity polymer electrolyte compositions for alkali and beyond alkali metal batteries
A solid electrolyte composition comprising the following components: (i) an organic polymer comprising a polymeric backbone and pendant groups, wherein at least a portion of the pendant groups contain an anionic group associated with a first metal ion; (ii) a solvent homogeneously incorporated in the polymer to result in a polymer gel system; and (iii) a metal salt dissolved in the solvent in a molar concentration of 0.05 M to 1.5 M and containing a second metal ion associated with an anion, provided that the first and second metal ions are the same. Also described herein are solid-state batteries comprising: a) an anode; (b) a cathode; and (c) the solid electrolyte composition described above.
1. A solid electrolyte composition comprising the following components:
(i) an organic polymer comprising a polymeric backbone and pendant groups, wherein said polymeric backbone contains at least one polyethylene and/or polypropylene block and at least a portion of said pendant groups are phenyl groups, wherein a portion of said phenyl groups are attached to an anionic group associated with a first metal ion selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, and aluminum ions;
(ii) a solvent homogeneously incorporated in the polymer to result in a polymer gel system; and
(iii) a metal salt dissolved in the solvent in a molar concentration of 0.05 M to 1.5 M and containing a second metal ion associated with an anion, wherein the second metal ion is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, and aluminum ions, provided that the first and second metal ions are the same.
2. The solid electrolyte composition of claim 1 , wherein the organic polymer is a copolymer.
3. The solid electrolyte composition of claim 1 , wherein the organic polymer is a block copolymer and at least one block of the block copolymer contains the anionic group associated with the first metal ion.
4. The solid electrolyte composition of claim 1 , wherein the anionic group in component (i) is selected from the group consisting of sulfonate, sulfate, carboxylate, sulfonimide, borate, phosphonate, and phosphate anionic groups.
5. The solid electrolyte composition of claim 1 , wherein the anionic group in component (i) is a sulfonimide anionic group.
6. The solid electrolyte composition of claim 5 , wherein the sulfonimide anionic group in component (i) is a fluoroalkylsulfonimide anionic group.
7. The solid electrolyte composition of claim 6 , wherein the fluoroalkylsulfonimide anionic group has the following structure:
wherein subscripts m and n are independently 0 or an integer of 1 or above.
8. The solid electrolyte composition of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of a carbonate, sulfone, ether, silicon-containing, ester, nitrile, amide, organochloride, ketone, sulfoxide, phosphonate ester solvent, and phosphate ester solvent.
9. The solid electrolyte composition of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is a carbonate solvent.
10. The solid electrolyte composition of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is an ether solvent.
11. The solid electrolyte composition of claim 1 , wherein the metal salt dissolved in the solvent is present in a molar concentration of 0.25 M to 1.5 M.
12. The solid electrolyte composition of claim 1 , wherein the anion in the metal salt is selected from the group consisting of sulfonate, sulfate, carboxylate, sulfonimide, borate, phosphonate, and phosphate anions, and such anions containing one or more hydrocarbon groups.
13. The solid electrolyte composition of claim 1 , wherein said solid electrolyte is in the shape of a film having a thickness of 1-100 microns.
14. A solid-state battery comprising:
a) an anode;
(b) a cathode; and
(c) a solid electrolyte composition in contact with said anode and cathode and comprising the following components:
(i) an organic polymer comprising a polymeric backbone and pendant groups, wherein said polymeric backbone contains at least one polyethylene and/or polypropylene block and at least a portion of said pendant groups are phenyl groups, wherein a portion of said phenyl groups are attached to an anionic group associated with a first metal ion selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, and aluminum ions;
(ii) a solvent homogeneously incorporated in the polymer to result in a polymer gel system; and
(iii) a metal salt dissolved in the solvent in a molar concentration of 0.05 M to 1.5 M and containing a second metal ion associated with an anion, wherein the second metal ion is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, and aluminum ions, provided that the first and second metal ions are the same.
15. The solid-state battery of claim 14 , wherein the solid-state battery is a lithium-based battery and the first and second metal ions are lithium ions.
16. The solid-state battery of claim 14 , wherein the organic polymer is a copolymer.
17. The solid-state battery of claim 14 , wherein the organic polymer is a block copolymer and at least one block of the block copolymer contains the anionic group associated with the first metal ion.
18. The solid-state battery of claim 14 , wherein the anionic group in component (i) is selected from the group consisting of sulfonate, sulfate, carboxylate, sulfonimide, borate, phosphonate, and phosphate anionic groups.
19. The solid-state battery of claim 14 , wherein the anionic group in component (i) is a sulfonimide anionic group.
20. The solid-state battery of claim 19 , wherein the sulfonimide anionic group in component (i) is a fluoroalkylsulfonimide anionic group.
21. The solid-state battery of claim 20 , wherein the fluoroalkylsulfonimide anionic group has the following structure:
wherein, subscripts m and n are independently 0 or an integer of 1 or above.
22. The solid-state battery of claim 14 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of a carbonate, sulfone, ether, silicon-containing, ester, nitrile, amide, organochloride, ketone, sulfoxide, phosphonate ester solvent, and phosphate ester solvent.
23. The solid-state battery of claim 14 , wherein the solvent is a carbonate solvent.
24. The solid-state battery of claim 14 , wherein the solvent is an ether solvent.
25. The solid-state battery of claim 14 , wherein the metal salt dissolved in the solvent is present in a molar concentration of 0.25 M to 1.5 M.
26. The solid-state battery of claim 14 , wherein the anion in the metal salt is selected from the group consisting of sulfonate, sulfate, carboxylate, sulfonimide, borate, phosphonate, and phosphate anions, and such anions containing one or more hydrocarbon groups.
27. The solid-state battery of claim 14 , wherein said solid electrolyte is in the shape of a film having a thickness of 1-100 microns.