In situ generated solid electrolyte for energy storage
A battery includes a cathode including a cathode active material, an anode comprising lithium, and an electrolyte including an aprotic solvent, a lithium salt, and a compound or mixture of two or more different compounds each containing at least one epi-sulfide group.
1. A battery comprising a cathode comprising a cathode active material, an anode comprising lithium, and an electrolyte comprising an aprotic solvent, a lithium salt, and a compound containing at least one epi-sulfide group;
wherein:
the compound is represented as [epi-sulfide]-[L]-[epi-sulfide], wherein L is a linker; or
the compound is represented as by Formula I:
wherein:
each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 is individually H, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclylalkoxyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl;
q is 0, 1, 2, or 3;
q′ is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and
r is at least 1.
2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a mixture of two or more different compounds each containing at least one epi-sulfide group.
3. The battery of claim 1 , wherein each L is alkyl, ether, polyether, aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl.
4. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the compound is represented by Formula I:
wherein:
each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 is individually H, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclylalkoxyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl;
q is 0, 1, 2, or 3;
q′ is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and
r is at least 1.
5. The battery of claim 1 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 7 are H or alkyl, R 6 is H, alkyl or
q is 1 or 2, q′ is 1 or 2, and r is 0, 1, or 2.
6. The battery of claim 4 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a mixture of two or more different compounds of Formula I.
7. The battery of claim 6 , wherein the two or more different compounds of Formula I, represented as Formulae IA and IB:
wherein:
each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 is individually H, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclylalkoxyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl;
each R 1′ , R 2′ , R 3′ , R 4′ , R 5′ , R 6′ , and R 7′ is individually H, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclylalkoxyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl, with the proviso that at least one R 1′ , R 2′ , R 3′ , R 4′ , R 5′ , R 6′ , and R 7′ contains a heterocyclyl group;
each q is individually 0, 1, 2, or 3;
each q′ is individually 1, 2, 3, or 4; and
each r individually is at least 1.
8. The battery of claim 7 , wherein each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are individually H or alkyl; each q is individually 1 or 2; each q′ is individually 1 or 2; each r is individually 0, 1, or 2; and each R 1′ , R 2′ , R 3′ , R 4′ , R 5′ , and R 6′ individually is H or alkyl, and R 7′ is heterocyclyl.
9. The battery of claim 7 , wherein each R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are individually H or alkyl; each q is individually 1 or 2; each q′ is individually 1 or 2; each r is individually 0, 1, or 2; and each R 1′ , R 2′ , R 3′ , R 4′ , R 5′ , and R 6′ individually is H or alkyl, and R 7′ is
10. The battery of claim 7 , wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are H; each q is individually 1 or 2; each q′ is individually 1 or 2; and each r is individually 0, 1, or 2; R 1′ , R 2′ , R 3′ , R 4′ , R 5′ , and R 6′ are H, and R 7 is
11. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the compound is a mixture of G 1 S and SG x S:
12. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material comprises sulfur.