Method for determining optimal placement of electric vehicle chargers
A method for the efficient placement of electric vehicle chargers in a target area couples vehicle dynamics and battery dynamics modeling with environmental factors to accurately incorporate the impact that the environment has on the range of the battery into the placement of the chargers by simulating trips of fleets of electric vehicles. The vehicles can be of various types, for example, motorcycles, cars, trucks or aircraft, and will each have their battery state of charge monitored as they traverse a simulated trip through the target area.
1. A method for determining an optimal placement of electric vehicle chargers in a target area, comprising:
dividing the target area into one or more geographic portions and assigning one or more nodes to each geographic portion;
simulating, using an agent-based electric vehicle simulation framework, a plurality of trips of a plurality of simulated electric vehicles through the target area, each trip comprising a series of the nodes;
determining, for each trip, depletion of a charge of the electric vehicle; and
recommending placement of the electric vehicle chargers based on the charge depletion for each of the simulated trips.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining a power profile required for the vehicle to move from node to node in the series of nodes.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
determining depletion of the charge from node to node based on the determined power profile.
4. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
determining a distance travelled as the vehicle moves from node to node in the series of nodes;
determining a velocity profile of the vehicle as it moves from node to node; and
determining the power profile required for the vehicle to move from the previous node to the current node, the power profile based on the distance travelled and the velocity profile.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the velocity profile of the vehicle as it moves from node to node is dependent upon traffic information.
6. The method of claim 2 wherein the power profile is determined by a vehicle dynamics model specific to a vehicle type and is customized by parameters specifying characteristics of a particular vehicle.
7. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
determining a positive or negative wind component in the direction of travel of the vehicle based on the wind speed and the wind direction stored each node; and
adjusting the power profile required for the vehicle to move from node to node based on the wind component.
8. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
determining a positive or negative elevation change from node to node; and
adjusting the power profile required for the vehicle to move from node to node based on the elevation change.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the charge depletion is determined by a battery dynamics model.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the charge depletion for each node is determined as a function of the temperature at the node.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein recommending placement of the electric vehicle chargers further comprises:
determining a first total number of trips from the plurality of simulated trips for which each node was a closest node to the vehicle when a state of charge of the vehicle dropped below a predetermined threshold; and
determining a second total number of trips from the plurality of simulated trips for which each predetermined charging location was a closest predetermined charging location to the vehicle when the state of charge of the vehicle dropped below the predetermined threshold.
12. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
creating fleet statistics specifying the performance of a fleet of electric vehicles comprising the plurality of simulated electric vehicles.
13. The method of claim 12 comprising:
placing chargers for the fleet of electric vehicles at locations that optimize the fleet statistics to maximize fleet utilization.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the fleet statistics include energy used per mile.