Process for the production of metal oxides or citric acid
The present application pertains to methods for making metal oxides and/or citric acid and/or capturing carbon dioxide. In one embodiment, the application pertains to a process for producing calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, or both from a material comprising calcium and magnesium. The process may include reacting a material comprising calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Separating, concentrating, and calcining may lead to the production of oxides such as calcium oxide or magnesium oxide. In other embodiments the application pertains to methods for producing an alkaline-earth oxide and a carboxylic acid from an alkaline earth cation-carboxylic acid anion salt. Such processes may include, for example, reacting an alkaline-earth cation-carboxylic acid anion salt with aqueous sulfur dioxide to produce aqueous alkaline-earth sulfite or bisulfite and an aqueous carboxylic acid solution. Other useful steps may include desorbing, separating, and/or calcining.
1. A process for producing calcium oxide and citric acid from a calcium cation-citrate anion salt wherein the process comprises:
reacting a calcium cation-citrate anion salt with aqueous sulfur dioxide to produce solid calcium sulfite and an aqueous citric acid solution;
separating said calcium sulfite solid from said aqueous citric acid solution; and
calcining said calcium sulfite solid to produce calcium oxide, cement, or a combination thereof.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein said calcining calcium sulfite solid produces sulfur dioxide.
3. The process of claim 2 which further comprises absorbing said sulfur dioxide in water to produce aqueous sulfur dioxide.
4. The process of claim 1 which further comprises desorbing residual aqueous sulfur dioxide from the aqueous citric acid solution.
5. The process of claim 1 which further comprises separating aqueous citric acid solution into separated citric acid and water.
6. The process of claim 5 which further comprises absorbing sulfur dioxide with said water to generate aqueous sulfur dioxide for the reacting step.
7. The process of claim 5 wherein said separated water comprises dissolved sulfur dioxide.
8. The process of claim 1 which further comprises reacting said calcium oxide with water to produce calcium hydroxide.
9. The process of claim 8 which further comprises reacting the calcium hydroxide with a gas comprising carbon dioxide to produce calcium carbonate.
10. The process of claim 9 wherein said gas comprises air, or a flue gas, or an emissions gas, a biogas, or a natural gas, or a fermentation gas, or any combination thereof.
11. The process of claim 8 which further comprises reacting the calcium hydroxide with a carbonate or bicarbonate salt.
12. The process of claim 11 wherein said carbonate or bicarbonate salt comprises an alkali metal cation-carbonate or bicarbonate salt.
13. The process of claim 11 wherein said carbonate or bicarbonate salt comprises an aqueous solution comprising sodium carbonate, or potassium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate, or potassium bicarbonate, or any combination thereof.
14. The process of claim 8 wherein said calcium hydroxide is dissolved in water.
15. The process of claim 8 wherein said calcium hydroxide comprises a solid suspended in water.
16. The process of claim 8 wherein said reacting produces heat and wherein said heat is used to desorb sulfur dioxide, or separate citric acid, or separate water, or dry calcium sulfite, or any combination thereof.
17. The process of claim 8 wherein said reacting produces heat and wherein said heat is used in the process.
18. The process of claim 8 which further comprises reacting said calcium hydroxide with a solution comprising citric acid to form calcium citrate.
19. The process of claim 18 wherein said solution comprising citric acid comprises a fermentation broth, or a microbial solution, or a fruit juice, or a submerged fermentation solution, or any combination thereof.
20. The process of claim 18 wherein at least a portion of said calcium citrate is a solid.
21. The process of claim 20 further comprises separating said calcium citrate using a solid-liquid separation step.
22. The process of claim 1 wherein said separating comprises a solid-liquid separation step.
23. The process of claim 1 wherein the process is conducted in the presence of a low diatomic oxygen environment.
24. The process of claim 1 wherein said calcining is conducted under conditions to prevent the formation of sulfate.