Sustainable, facile separation of the molten carbonate electrolysis cathode product
A process for the separation of electrolyte from the carbon in a solid carbon/electrolyte cathode product formed at the cathode during molten carbonate electrolysis. The processes allow for easy separation of the solid carbon product from the electrolyte without any observed detrimental effect on the structure and/or stability of the resulting solid carbon nanomaterial.
1. A process comprising:
providing a mixed product of a molten carbonate and a solid carbon product that comprises one or more tangled matrices of nano-materials;
applying a force directly to the mixed product on a cathode in an electrolysis chamber;
filtering the mixed product with a filter having pores smaller than the one or more tangled matrices of nano-materials to separate the carbon electrolyte from the solid carbon product;
releasing the force; and
removing the solid carbon product.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein applying and releasing the force is repeated two, three or four times, prior to removing the solid carbon product.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the force includes a pressure of between 10 psi and 100,000 psi.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the filter comprises a porous carbon felt, a graphite felt, a metal mesh, a porous or sieve ceramic, or any combination thereof.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the pores of the filter have a size between 10 μm and 10 mm.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is conducted at a temperature between 399° C. and 900° C.
7. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising applying a vacuum while applying the force.
8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the process is conducted at a pressure between 0.1 and 0.9 atmospheres.
9. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the process is conducted at a pressure less than 0.1 atmospheres.
10. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process is conducted under a gas that is free of oxygen.
11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein the gas is selected from nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, methane, ammonia, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and any combination thereof.
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mixed product is cooled and reheated prior to applying the force.
13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the force is applied directly to the mixed product.
14. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising moving the mixed product from a cathode of an electrolysis chamber to an extraction chamber.
15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon electrolyte is not a flowing electrolyte.
16. The process according to claim 1 wherein the carbon electrolyte is not recirculated via a recirculation loop.
17. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid carbon product has an average thickness greater than 1 millimeter.
18. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid carbon product comprises greater than 80% carbon nano-materials.
19. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid carbon product comprises greater than 85% carbon nano-materials.
20. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid carbon product comprises greater than 90% nano-materials.
21. The process according to claim 1 , wherein solid carbon product comprises greater than 95% carbon nano-materials.
22. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-materials comprise nano-fibers.
23. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-materials comprise nano-tubes.
24. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-materials comprise nano-onions.
25. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-materials comprise nano-platelets.
26. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-materials comprise nano-scaffolds.
27. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-materials comprise graphene.
28. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid carbon product comprises a paste.
29. The process of claim 1 , wherein the applied force is gravitational.