Non-volatile, low power phase shifter for tapped transmission lines

1. An apparatus comprising:

a plurality of transmission lines, wherein each transmission line of the plurality of transmission lines includes two non-electrically coupled conductive sections, and wherein each transmission line of the plurality of transmission lines is, includes, or is electrically coupled to, an antenna to thereby form an antenna array having a plurality of antennas; and

at least one electronic device coupled to and between the two non-electrically coupled conductive sections of each transmission line of the plurality of transmission lines, and configured to stably maintain, in the absence of electric current applied to the at least one electronic device, a conductive state, and a non-conductive state, as between the two non-electrically coupled conductive sections of each transmission line of the plurality of transmission lines.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electronic device includes a floating gate configured to:

enable the non-conductive state to be switched to the conductive state in response to electrons being added to the floating gate of the at least one electronic device in the non-conductive state; and

enable the conductive state to be switched to the non-conductive state in response to electrons being removed from the floating gate of the at least one electronic device in the conductive state;

or

enable the conductive state to be switched to the non-conductive state in response to electrons being added to the floating gate of the at least one electronic device conductive state; and

enable the non-conductive state to be switched to the conductive state in response to electrons being removed from the floating gate of the floating gate of the at least one electronic device in the non-conductive state.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electronic includes a non-volatile memory (NVM) storage device.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the NVM storage device includes a floating gate field effect transistor (FET), a ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), a read-only memory (ROM) cell, Flash memory, or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM).

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the two non-electrically coupled conductive sections are of equal length (L).

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each section of the two non-electrically coupled conductive sections includes a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the first end of the first section configured to receive an input flow of the electric current, and the first end of the second section configured to transmit an output flow of the electric current.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the at least one electronic device is coupled to and between the two non-electrically coupled conductive sections proximate to the second ends thereof.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electronic device includes a plurality of electronic devices coupled to and between the two non-electrically coupled conductive sections.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one electronic device includes a memristor.

10. A system comprising:

a transmission line including two non-electrically coupled conductive sections;

at least one electronic device coupled to and between the two non-electrically coupled conductive sections, and configured to stably maintain, in the absence of electric current applied to the at least one electronic device, a conductive state, and a non-conductive state, as between the two non-electrically coupled conductive sections of the transmission line, wherein the at least one electronic device includes a memristor; and

a controller operatively coupled to the at least one electronic device, and configured to at least one of: transmit, and withhold, a control signal to or from the at least one electronic device to enable the conductive, and non-conductive, states to be stably maintained.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the transmission line includes a plurality of transmission lines, and wherein each transmission line of the plurality of transmission lines is, includes, or is electrically coupled to, an antenna to thereby form an antenna array having a plurality of antennas.

12. The system of claim 10 , wherein the control signal includes a presence, or an absence, of a flow of electric current to the at least one electronic device.

13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the at least one electronic device includes a plurality of electronic devices coupled to and between the two non-electrically coupled conductive sections and spaced apart thereon.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the transmission line is, includes, or is electrically coupled to, an antenna, and wherein a respective one electronic device of the plurality of electronic devices being in the conductive state when at least one other electronic devices of the plurality of electronic devices is in the non-conductive state further determines a phase shift of a radio frequency signal transmitted by the antenna.

15. The system of claim 13 , wherein a first electronic device of the plurality of electronic devices being in the conductive state determines a first effective conductive length of the transmission line when at least a second electronic device of the plurality of electronic devices is in the non-conductive state, and wherein a second electronic device of the plurality of electronic devices being in the conductive state when at least the first electronic device is in the non-conductive state determines a second effective conductive length of the transmission line, the second effective conductive length different from the first effective conductive length.

16. The system of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of electronic devices includes three or more electronic devices.

17. The system of claim 10 , wherein the at least one electronic includes a non-volatile memory (NVM) storage device.

18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the NVM storage device includes a floating gate field effect transistor (FET), a ferroelectric RAM (FRAM), a read-only memory (ROM) cell, Flash memory, or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM).

19. A method of operating a transmission line including two non-electrically coupled conductive sections having at least one electronic device coupled to and between the two sections, the method comprising maintaining, in the absence of electric current applied to the at least one electronic device, a conductive state, and a non-conductive state, as between the two non-electrically coupled conductive sections of the transmission line, wherein the at least one electronic device includes a plurality of electronic devices, and wherein the maintaining step comprises:

maintaining a first electronic device of the plurality of electronic devices in the conductive state when at least a second electronic device of the plurality of electronic devices is in the non-conductive state to determine a first effective conductive length of the transmission line; or

maintaining a second electronic device of the plurality of electronic devices in the conductive state when at least the first electronic device is in the non-conductive state to determine a second effective conductive length of the transmission line, the second effective conductive length different from the first effective conductive length.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the maintaining step comprises at least one of: transmitting, and withholding, a control signal to or from the at least one electronic device.