Bolt head for a firearm
Firearms and bolt carriers having a bolt head including a bolt head axis and a plurality of locking lugs, wherein at least two recesses having a radius, measured with respect to the bolt head axis, are formed on the bolt head between at least two adjacent locking lugs. To improve the guidance of the bolt head, at least two centering ramps, which are designed obliquely to the bolt head axis and protrude in the axial direction toward the rear up to a central radius that is greater than the radius, for self-centering the bolt head during the bolt process are formed in the region of the recesses.
1. A bolt head for a firearm having a bolt head axis and a plurality of locking lugs, the bolt head defining at least two recesses between at least two adjacent locking lugs, the at least two recesses having a recess radius as measured with respect to the bolt head axis;
wherein the bolt head defines at least two centering ramps formed in a region of the at least two recesses so that the centering ramps extend obliquely to the bolt head axis and extend in an axial direction toward a rear of the bolt head up to a central radius that is greater than the recess radius, such that the at least two centering ramps aid in a self-centering of the bolt head during a locking process; and
wherein at least one alignment surface forms a continuous ring around the bolt head; or the at least one alignment surface is interrupted by a plurality of flattened portions, with each flattened portion extending along a tangent of the bolt head axis.
2. The bolt head according to claim 1 , wherein each centering ramp extends obliquely to the bolt head axis at an angle α as measured between a surface normal to the centering ramp and the bolt head axis; and wherein 5°<α<85°.
3. The bolt head according to claim 1 , wherein each centering ramp extends obliquely to the bolt head axis at an angle α as measured between a surface normal to the centering ramp and the bolt head axis; and wherein 15°≤α≤65°.
4. The bolt head according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one alignment surface has a radius r2 measured with respect to the bolt head axis, the at least one alignment surface being immediately rearward of the centering ramps as viewed axially.
5. The bolt head according to claim 4 , wherein a normal distance N1 from the flattened portions to the bolt head axis is smaller than the radius r2.
6. The bolt head according to claim 4 , wherein the at least one alignment surface is interrupted by a plurality of alignment surface recesses.
7. The bolt head according to claim 6 , wherein a normal distance N2 from the alignment surface recesses to the bolt head axis is smaller than the radius r2.
8. The bolt head according to claim 1 , wherein the locking lugs disposed at a bottom of the bolt head to face a magazine of the firearm include cartridge guides, and additionally include chamfers along their front edges in the region of the cartridge guides.
9. The bolt head according to claim 8 , wherein the locking lugs have rounded portions at their edges outside a region of the cartridge guides; and the locking lugs have chamfers along at least their inner edges in the region of the cartridge guides.
10. The bolt head according to claim 9 , wherein the locking lugs additionally have chamfers along their outside edges in the region of the cartridge guides.
11. The bolt head according to claim 9 , wherein the locking lugs additionally have chamfers along their rear edges in the region of the cartridge guides.
12. The bolt head according to claim 9 , wherein a radius of the rounded portions of the locking lugs is within a range of 0.2 to 2 mm.
13. The bolt head according to claim 9 , wherein a radius of the rounded portions of the locking lugs is within a range of 0.3 to 1 mm.
14. The bolt head according to claim 9 , wherein a width of the chamfers is within a range of 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm.
15. The bolt head according to claim 9 , wherein a width of the chamfers is within a range of 0.08 mm to 0.12 mm.
16. The bolt head according to claim 9 , wherein an angle of the chamfers is within a range of 30° to 60° with respect to a plane normal to the bolt head axis.
17. The bolt head according to claim 9 , wherein an angle of the chamfers is within a range of 40° to 50° with respect to a plane normal to the bolt head axis.
18. A method for manufacturing a bolt head according to claim 1 , wherein the method includes one or more machining processes selected from milling, turning, and grinding; one or more forming processes selected from forging, hammering, powder metallurgy, and metal injection molding; one or more additive manufacturing processes; or any combination thereof.
19. A bolt carrier for a firearm, comprising:
a bolt head having a bolt head axis, a plurality of locking lugs, and a cam pin; wherein
the bolt head defines at least two recesses between at least two adjacent locking lugs, the at least two recesses having a recess radius as measured with respect to the bolt head axis;
the bolt head defines at least two centering ramps formed in a region of the at least two recesses so that the centering ramps extend obliquely to the bolt head axis and extend in an axial direction toward a rear of the bolt head up to a central radius that is greater than the recess radius, such that the at least two centering ramps aid in a self-centering of the bolt head during a locking process; and
the bolt head defines a cam pin bore transverse to the bolt head axis that is configured to receive the cam pin;
wherein the cam pin has a tapered end to be inserted into the cam pin bore of the bolt head; the tapered end of the cam pin includes at least one step; and the cam pin bore is shape-complementary to the tapered end of the cam pin.
20. The bolt carrier according to claim 19 , wherein the cam pin has a diameter D1, and a diameter D2 at the stepped and tapered end to be inserted into the bolt head; where D2 is smaller than D1 and
1
5
≤
D
2
D
1
≤
4
5
·
21. The bolt carrier according to claim 20 , wherein the cam pin has a total length L1 and the stepped and tapered end diameter D2 has a length L2, where L2 is within a range of 0.05 to 0.5 times L1.
22. The bolt carrier according to claim 20 , wherein the cam pin has a total length L1 and the stepped and tapered end diameter D2 has a length L2, where L2 is within a range of 0.1 to 0.3 times L1.
23. The bolt carrier according to claim 19 , wherein the bolt carrier includes a surface that defines a detent, where the detent is configured to cooperate with a shape-complementary nose of a gas key.
24. The bolt carrier according to claim 19 , wherein the bolt carrier includes at least one front alignment surface and at least one rear alignment surface on a surface of the bolt carrier, where the at least one front alignment surface and the at least one rear alignment surface are configured to operatively contact a receiver of the firearm.
25. A firearm comprising a bolt carrier, wherein the bolt carrier includes:
a bolt head having a bolt head axis, a plurality of locking lugs, and a cam pin; wherein
the bolt head defines at least two recesses between at least two adjacent locking lugs, the at least two recesses having a recess radius as measured with respect to the bolt head axis;
the bolt head defines at least two centering ramps formed in a region of the at least two recesses so that the centering ramps extend obliquely to the bolt head axis and extend in an axial direction toward a rear of the bolt head up to a central radius that is greater than the recess radius, such that the at least two centering ramps aid in a self-centering of the bolt head during a locking process; and
the bolt head defines a cam pin bore transverse to the bolt head axis that is configured to receive the cam pin;
wherein the cam pin has a tapered end to be inserted into the cam pin bore of the bolt head; the tapered end of the cam pin includes at least one step; and the cam pin bore is shape-complementary to the tapered end of the cam pin.
26. The firearm according to claim 25 , wherein a barrel of the firearm includes a locking sleeve having obliquely formed counter-ramps that are complementary to the centering ramps and configured to cooperate with the centering ramps in a functionally complementary manner during a locking process.